Karakteristis Sistem Peternakan Sapi Perah Rakyat Berkelanjutan : Penilaian Pilar Ekonomi Dengan Pendekatan Tipologi Peternakan

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai keberlanjutan ekonomi peternakan sapi perah rakyat di Kabupaten Bogor dengan pendekatan tipologi menggunakan kerangka MESMIS. Penelitian dilakukan di KUNAK dan KUD Giritani pada Oktober–Desember 2024 dengan total 66 responden. Lima variabel utama yang dianalisis adalah kepemilikan lahan, produktivitas ternak, pendapatan bersih, kontribusi pendapatan susu, dan diversifikasi usaha. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 36% peternak di KUNAK dan 82% di KUD Giritani tergolong cukup berkelanjutan. Namun, masih ada 64% peternak di KUNAK dan 18% di KUD Giritani yang berada dalam kategori tidak berkelanjutan, terutama akibat produktivitas rendah dan ketergantungan pada satu sumber pendapatan. Rata-rata pendapatan susu di KUNAK mencapai Rp11 juta/bulan dengan efisiensi rendah, sedangkan di KUD Giritani Rp8 juta/bulan dengan efisiensi lebih baik. Diperlukan pelatihan teknis, efisiensi pakan, dan diversifikasi usaha untuk meningkatkan keberlanjutan ekonomi.

This study aims to assess the economic sustainability of smallholder dairy farms in Bogor District with a typological approach using the MESMIS framework. The research was conducted at KUNAK and KUD Giritani in October-December 2024 with a total of 66 respondents. The five main variables analyzed were land ownership, livestock productivity, net income, milk income contribution, and business diversification. Results showed that 36% of farmers in KUNAK and 82% in KUD Giritani were classified as moderately sustainable. However, 64% of farmers in KUNAK and 18% in Giritani cooperative were categorized as unsustainable, mainly due to low productivity and dependence on one source of income. The average milk income in KUNAK reached Rp11 million/month with low efficiency, while in KUD Giritani it was Rp8 million/month with better efficiency. Technical training, feed efficiency, and business diversification are needed to improve economic sustainability.