Respons Pertumbuhan Bibit Durian Gundul (Durio zibethinus var. Si Gundul) pada Perbedaan Spektrum Light Emitting Diode

Abstract

Indonesia merupakan pusat keragaman genetik durian, dengan 27 spesies durian di dunia, 20 di antaranya ditemukan di Indonesia. Salah satu jenis durian yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan yaitu durian ’gundul’ atau durian tanpa duri yang berasal dari Lombok. Pertumbuhan tanaman sangat dipengaruhi intensitas maupun kualitas (spektrum) cahaya. Light Emitting Diode (LED) memberikan penerangan yang efisien dengan penggunaan energi rendah, intensitas cahaya yang bervariasi, dan distribusi spektral yang beragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari respons morfologi dan pertumbuhan durian gundul terhadap pemberian spektrum LED merah, biru, dan putih. Percobaan disusun dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor spektrum LED yang terdiri dari LED merah, biru, putih. Tanaman kontrol (tanpa perlakuan LED) ditempatkan di screenhouse berbeda untuk menyesuaikan kondisi lingkungan dengan metode pembibitan konvensional. LED merah secara signifikan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, dan ketebalan daun, sedangkan LED secara signifikan meningkatkan laju panjang ruas, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan daun. LED biru meningkatkan jumlah cabang, jumlah stomata, bukaan stomata, dan kerapatan stomata. Tanaman kontrol (tanpa perlakuan LED) yang menerima cahaya matahari memiliki lebih banyak daun dan memiliki kandungan glukosa yang lebih tinggi daripada tanaman yang diberi LED.

Indonesia is recognized as the center of durian genetic diversity, hosting 20 out of the 27 known durian species worldwide. Among these, the ‘gundul’ or thornless durian from Lombok stands out as a promising candidate for further development. Plant growth is strongly influenced by both the intensity and spectral quality of light. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) offer efficient lighting solutions with low energy consumption, adjustable intensity, and customizable spectral distributions. This study aims to investigate the morphological responses and growth of thornless durian seedling under red, blue, and white LED spectra. The experiment was utilized a one-factor completely randomized design, with treatments consisting of red, blue, white LEDs. Control plants, which did not receive LED treatment, were grown in separate screenhouses to mimic conventional nursery conditions. Results showed that red LED light significantly increased plant height, branch number, and leaf thickness. White LED light significantly promoted internode elongation as well as leaf growth and development. Blue LED light enhanced branch number, stomatal count, stomatal opening, and stomatal density. Control plants which utilized natural sunlight exhibited a greater number of leaves and higher glucose content compared to those grown under LED treatments.