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      Keragaman Karakter Kualitatif dan Pewarisan Sifat Waxy pada Populasi Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) Generasi F3 Hasil Persilangan Pulut 3 × Soraya 3

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Pohan, Adelia
      Wirnas, Desta
      Trikoesoemaningtyas
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      Abstract
      Pengembangan sorgum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) sebagai sumber pangan alternatif di Indonesia masih terbatas karena sebagian besar varietas memiliki tekstur pera atau bertipe non-waxy yang kurang sesuai dengan preferensi konsumen lokal. Karakter kualitatif lain seperti bentuk biji, warna biji, dan kerapatan malai juga turut memengaruhi daya terima dan potensi agronominya. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh informasi mengenai pola pewarisan karakter kualitatif dan sifat waxy pada generasi F3 hasil persilangan antara Pulut 3 dan Soraya 3 sebagai dasar dalam pengembangan varietas unggul. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Juni hingga Desember 2024 di Kebun Percobaan Muara, IP2TP Muara, Bogor. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji chi-square untuk menguji kesesuaian rasio fenotipik sifat-sifat kualitatif dengan rasio yang diharapkan berdasarkan hukum pewarisan Mendel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola segregasi yang beragam pada karakter bentuk malai, kerapatan malai, panjang glume, bentuk biji, warna biji, dan sifat waxy. Bentuk malai mengikuti nisbah 9:6:1 (interaksi aditif parsial), kerapatan malai 6:4:3:3 (satu gen dominan sempurna dan satu gen dominan parsial), panjang glume mendekati 9:3:4 (epistasis resesif), bentuk biji 3:1 (dominan penuh), dan warna biji menunjukkan segregasi dalam tujuh kategori fenotipe (interaksi poligenik dan epistasis kompleks). Uji iodine staining menunjukkan sebagian besar populasi bertipe waxy, dengan pola segregasi mengikuti nisbah 9:7 (epistasis resesif ganda).
       
      The development of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) as an alternative food source in Indonesia remains limited because most varieties exhibit a dry (non-waxy) texture, which does not align with local consumer preferences. Other qualitative traits, such as grain shape, grain color, and panicle density, also influence consumer acceptance and agronomic potential. This study aimed to obtain information on the inheritance patterns of qualitative traits and the waxy characteristic in the F3 generation derived from a cross between Pulut 3 and Soraya 3, as a basis for the development of superior varieties. The research was conducted from June to December 2024 at the Muara Experimental Field, IP2TP Muara, Bogor. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test to evaluate the conformity of observed phenotypic ratios of qualitative traits with the expected ratios based on Mendelian inheritance laws. The results revealed diverse segregation patterns in panicle shape, panicle compactness, glume length, grain shape, grain color, and the waxy trait. Panicle shape followed a 9:6:1 ratio (partially additive gene interaction), panicle compactness followed a 6:4:3:3 ratio (involving one gene with complete dominance and another with partial dominance), glume length approached a 9:3:4 ratio (recessive epistasis), and grain shape followed a 3:1 ratio (complete dominance). Grain color segregated into seven phenotypic categories, indicating polygenic interaction and complex epistasis. Iodine staining revealed that most of the population exhibited the waxy phenotype, with a segregation ratio fitting 9:7 (duplicate recessive epistasis).
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/163490
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      • UT - Agronomy and Horticulture [7633]

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