Biosorpsi Pb(II) dan Cd(II) Menggunakan Kulit Jeruk Siam (Citrus reticulata)

Abstract

Toxic metals are often discharged from industrial processes and this can lead by environmental problems. Heavy metals are major pollutants that can be found in soil and water resources. One of the conventional methods for removing heavy metals is physico-chemical methods. These methods maybe ineffective or extremely expensive. Biosorption as an alternative for heavy metals removal are being considered. In this study, biosorption of lead and cadmium ions from industrial wastewater has been investigated by using orange peel (Citrus reticulata). The biosorption was carried out in a batch system. This research studied about the effect of various contact times, heavy metal concentrations, temperatures, and pH solutions. Various amounts and size of orange peel also been investigated. Result indicated that optimum biosorption capacity occurred after 120 minutes for both metal ions. Biosorption process and metal uptake increase with increase of pH value. The optimum pH was found to be 5.5 and 6, respectively, for Pb(II) and Cd(II). The effect of initial metal concentration for both metal ions showed increase metal concentration with strongly increase capacity of biosorption and metal uptake. The result showed that the higher the amount of biosorbent the higher the metal uptake and the lower the biosorption capacity. It also found that smaller size of biosorbent, the higher the metal uptake capacity. For cadmium, ions metal uptake was decreasing when the temperature was increasing, but for lead it was stable over the temperature range. The biosorption equilibrium of cadmium and lead was investigated using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm under the same condition. The coefficient of determination of both models were mostly greater than 90%, indicating that both models adequately describe the experimental data of the biosorption of these metal ions.