Aktivitas Antropogenik Meredistribusi Komunitas Polychaeta yang Berasosiasi dengan Makroalga di Pantai Intertidal Berbatu Ujung Genteng, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Beragam aktivitas antropogenik ditemukan di pantai intertidal berbatu Ujung Genteng, tetapi dampaknya terhadap biota intertidal, termasuk Polychaeta yang berasosiasi dengan makroalga, belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis struktur komunitas (kelimpahan, jumlah spesies, dan komposisi spesies) serta preferensi habitat Polychaeta di dua lokasi dengan tingkat aktivitas antropogenik yang berbeda (perairan pesisir umum dan perairan pesisir hutan lindung) dengan mempertimbangkan pengaruh makroalga dan substrat. Sampel di setiap lokasi diambil dari 15 plot (0,2 m × 0,2 m) dalam lima transek berjarak 50 m, tegak lurus dengan garis pantai. Sampel disaring melalui mata saring 0,5 mm, dipreservasi dengan etanol 96%, dan diidentifikasi. Perbedaan struktur komunitas Polychaeta di perairan pesisir umum dan perairan pesisir hutan lindung dianalisis menggunakan analysis of covariance dan permutational multivariate analysis of covariance dengan makroalga dan substrat sebagai kovariat. Sebanyak 52 spesies Polychaeta telah ditemukan. Kelimpahan Polychaeta di perairan pesisir umum (2,5 kali lebih tinggi) secara nyata berbeda dibandingkan di perairan pesisir hutan lindung (p<0,05), tetapi jumlah spesiesnya tidak berbeda (p>0,05). Komposisi spesies Polychaeta di kedua lokasi berbeda nyata (p<0,05) dengan persentase perbedaan sebesar 62,83%. Preferensi habitat Polychaeta dipengaruhi oleh proporsi corticated macrophytes (p<0,05).

Various anthropogenic activities occur along rocky intertidal shores of Ujung Genteng, but their impacts on intertidal biota, particularly polychaetes associated with macroalgae, remain poorly understood. This study aimed to analyze community structures (abundance, species richness, and species composition) and habitat preferences of polychaetes at two sites with different anthropogenic activity levels (general coastal waters and protected forest coastal waters), with considering the random effect of macroalgae and substrates. At each site, samples were collected from 15 plots (0.2 m × 0.2 m) along five transects separated by 50 m and placed perpendicular to the shoreline. Samples were sieved through 0.5 mm mesh, preserved in 96% ethanol, and identified. Differences in polychaete community structures between sites were analyzed using analysis of covariance and permutational multivariate analysis of covariance, with macroalgae and substrate as covariates. A total of 52 polychaete species were identified. Polychaete abundance in general coastal waters was significantly 2.5 times higher than that in protected forest coastal waters (p<0.05), while species richness did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between those sites. Species composition differed significantly between sites (p<0.05), with the dissimilarity percentage of 62.83%. Habitat preferences of polychaetes were significantly influenced by the proportion of corticated macrophytes (p<0.05).