Keanekaragaman Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula di Lahan Gambut Desa Sungai Gelam, Kabupaten Muaro Jambi, Provinsi Jambi

Abstract

Mikoriza merupakan struktur pada akar sebagai bentuk simbiosis mutualisme antara fungi dan akar tanaman. Keberadaan fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA) dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan, tipe mikoriza dan tipe penggunaan lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keanekaragaman, persebaran dan kelimpahan, tingkat kolonisasi, serta korelasi FMA dengan sifat kimia gambut di Desa Sungai Gelam, Provinsi Jambi. Sampel diambil dari dua blok, yaitu Blok I dengan tipe vegeteasi semak belukar dan Blok II dengan tipe vegetasi agroforestri. Sampel tersebut dilakukan perhitungan jumlah spora, identifikasi genus, dan kolonisasi akar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepadatan spora FMA rendah, dengan kepadatan lebih tinggi di Blok I dibandingkan Blok II. Genus FMA yang ditemukan yaitu Glomus, Acaulospora, Diversispora, Gigaspora, Scutellospora, Entrophospora, dan Sclerocystis, dengan dominansi Glomus dan Acaulospora. Kolonisasi akar tergolong tinggi di kedua blok penelitian. Korelasi sifat kimia tanah menunjukkan bahwa pH berpengaruh positif terhadap kolonisasi akar, sedangkan nitrogen dan fosfor yang tinggi cenderung menurunkan keberadaan FMA.

Mycorrhiza is a structure on the roots that forms a mutualistic symbiosis between fungi and plant roots. The presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (FMA) is influenced by environment, type of mycorrhiza and type of land use. This study aims to analyze the diversity, distribution and abundance, colonization level, and correlation of FMA with peat chemical properties in Sungai Gelam Village, Jambi Province. Samples were taken from two blocks, Block I with shrub vegetation type and Block II with agroforestry vegetation type. The samples were subjected to spore count, genus identification, and root colonization. The results showed that the density of FMA spores was low, with higher density in Block I than Block II. The FMA genus found were Glomus, Acaulospora, Diversispora, Gigaspora, Scutellospora, Entrophospora, and Sclerocystis, with the dominance of Glomus and Acaulospora. Root colonization was high in both study blocks. Correlation of soil chemical properties showed that pH had a positive effect on root colonization, while high nitrogen and phosphorus tended to reduce the presence of FMA.