Analisis Dampak Pengembangan Wisata Bahari bagi Masyarakat Lokal di Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) Mandalika (Studi Kasus: Desa Kuta, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah).

Abstract

Pengembangan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) Mandalika sebagai destinasi wisata unggulan berdampak signifikan pada masyarakat Desa Kuta, Lombok Tengah. Meskipun memberikan manfaat ekonomi, pengembangan ini juga memunculkan berbagai permasalahan, seperti peningkatan biaya hidup, konflik lahan, dan persoalan lingkungan seperti penumpukan sampah wisata. Berdasarkan hal tersebut tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu: (1) Mengestimasi dampak ekonomi dalam pengembangan wisata bahari. (2) Menganalisis perubahan sosial di masyarakat Desa Kuta akibat adanya pengembangan wisata bahari dan KEK. (3) Menganalisis dampak lingkungan di kawasan wisata bahari Desa Kuta. (4) Menyusun alternatif strategi pengelolaan area wisata bahari di KEK Mandalika yang berkelanjutan di Desa Kuta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode share income, analisis deskriptif, dan analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan share income wisata rumah tangga sangat tinggi, yaitu sebesar 76,04%. Nilai persepsi kondisi sosial masyarakat dalam kondisi sangat baik. Dan persepsi wisatawan terhadap kondisi lingkungan dinilai baik. Prioritas strategi pengelolaan dan pengembangan kawasan wisata bahari yaitu dengan peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan wisata.

The development of the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ) as a leading tourism destination has significantly impacted the community of Kuta Village, Central Lombok. While it offers economic benefits, this development has also created various challenges, such as increased living costs, land disputes, and environmental problem, including the accumulation of tourism waste. Based on these issues, the objectives of this study are: (1) to estimate the economic impacts of marine tourism development, (2) to analyze social changes within the Kuta Village community due to marine tourism and SEZ development, (3) to evaluate the environmental impacts in the marine tourism area of Kuta Village, and (4) to propose sustainable management strategies for marine tourism areas at Mandalika SEZ in Kuta Village. This study employs the methods of share income analysis, descriptive analysis, and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The results showed that the share of household income derived from tourism is significantly high, at 76.04%. The perception of social conditions within the community is rated as very favorable, while tourists assess the environmental conditions as good. The priority strategy for managing and developing marine tourism areas is to enhance community participation in tourism management.