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      Perbandingan Kinerja Portofolio Optimal Menggunakan Capital Asset Pricing Model dan Model Black-Litterman dengan Pendekatan Bayes

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Megaputri, Tory Rachel
      Achsani, Noer Azam
      MSc, Trias Andati
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      Abstract
      Krisis ekonomi dan peristiwa global lainnya yang tidak terduga mendorong banyak orang untuk berinvestasi. Hal ini ditandai dengan bertambahnya Single Investor Identification (SID) baru yang sangat signifikan yaitu mencapai 56,21% tahun 2020 dan 92,99% SID tahun 2021. Banyak saham yang mengalami penurunan nilai tahun 2020, akan tetapi saham – saham yang termasuk ke dalam IDX BUMN20 justru mengalami peningkatan dan menunjukkan nilai transaksi perdagangan terbesar di BEI. Penelitian ini secara khusus bertujuan untuk: 1) Menganalisis pembentukan portofolio optimal IDX BUMN20 menggunakan Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) dan model Black-Litterman (BL) dengan pendekatan Bayes. 2) Menganalisis evaluasi kinerja portofolio optimal IDX BUMN20 menggunakan Sharpe ratio, Treynor measure, dan Jensen’s alpha yang sudah dibentuk menggunakan model BL dengan pendekatan Bayes. 3) Membandingkan kinerja portofolio optimal IDX BUMN20 yang dibentuk menggunakan metode CAPM dan model BL dengan pendekatan Bayes. 4) Melakukan forecasting test penggunaan portofolio optimal yang telah dibentuk dengan data terkini selama empat bulan. 5) Melakukan backtesting test penggunaan portofolio optimal yang telah dibentuk menggunakan data historis. Hasil portofolio optimal CAPM terdiri dari saham ANTM (26%), BBRI (50%), PTBA (11%), dan TINS (13%) dengan kinerja keuangan Sharpe Ratio senilai 3.98672, Treynor Ratio senilai 0.00126, dan Jensen’s Alpha senilai 0.00419. Hasil pembentukan portofolio optimal Model BL dengan Pendekatan Bayes terdiri dari saham ANTM (18%), BBRI (60%), PTBA (17%), dan TINS (6%) dengan kinerja keuangan Sharpe Ratio senilai 6.75589, Treynor Ratio senilai 0.00884, dan Jensen’s Alpha senilai 0.01569. Forecasting Test menunjukkan bahwa prediksi return yang dihasilkan oleh model BL dengan pendekatan Bayes lebih mendekati dengan nilai return yang sesungguhnya dibandingkan dengan CAPM. Backtesting test menunjukkan bahwa komposisi portofolio optimal perlu direkomposisi secara berkala akibat pandangan investor di masa kini tidak selalu relevan dalam jangka panjang. Dengan demikian, kinerja portofolio model BL dengan pendekatan Bayes lebih optimal dibandingkan CAPM.
       
      Economic crises and other unforeseen global events encourage many people to invest. This is marked by a very significant increase in new Single Investor Identification (SID), reaching 56.21% in 2020 and 92.99% SID in 2021. Many shares experienced a decline in value in 2020, but the shares included in IDX BUMN20 experienced an increase and showed the largest trade transaction value on the IDX. This research discusses the formation of optimal portfolios using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and Black-Litterman (BL) model with the Bayes approach. This research specifically aims to: 1) Analyse the formation of the optimal IDX BUMN20 portfolio using CAPM and the BL model with the Bayes approach. 2) Analysing the optimal portfolio performance evaluation of IDX BUMN20 using the Sharpe ratio, Treynor measure, and Jensen's alpha which have been formed using the BL model with the Bayes approach. 3) Comparing the performance of the optimal IDX BUMN20 portfolio formed using the CAPM method and the BL model with the Bayes approach. 4) Carry out a forecasting test on the use of the optimal portfolio that has been formed using the latest data for four months. 5) Carrying out backtesting tests on the use of optimal portfolios that have been formed using historical data. The results of forming an optimal portfolio using CAPM consist of ANTM shares (26%), BBRI (50%), PTBA (11%), and TINS (13%). The optimal portfolio evaluation produced by CAPM has a financial performance Sharpe ratio of 3.98672, Treynor ratio of 0.00126, and Jensen’s alpha of 0.00419. The results of optimal portfolio formation using the BL model with the Bayes approach consist of ANTM (18%), BBRI (60%), PTBA (17%), and TINS (6%). The optimal portfolio evaluation produced using the BL Model method with the Bayes approach has a financial performance Sharpe ratio of 6.75589, Treynor ratio of 0.00884, and Jensen’s alpha of 0.01569. Forecasting test shows that the return predictions produced by the BL model with the Bayes approach are closer to the actual return value compared to the CAPM. Backtesting test shows that the optimal portfolio composition needs to be recomposed periodically because investors' current views are not always relevant in the long term. Thus, the performance of the BL Model portfolio with the Bayes approach is more optimal than the CAPM.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/160717
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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      Universitas Jember Digital Repository