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      Keanekaragaman dan Pemanfaatan Tanaman Obat Pekarangan di Kecamatan Bekasi Utara

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      Date
      2024
      Author
      Febrianti, Asvinda
      Sulistijorini
      Djuita, Nina Ratna
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      Abstract
      Indonesia dikenal akan keanekaragaman tanamannya. Sebagian dari tanaman tersebut telah dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan dasar obat. Banyak masyarakat berinisiatif menanam tanaman obat setelah Covid-19 melanda Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi keanekaragaman di pekarangan serta memperoleh informasi terkait sumber dan cara pengolahan tanaman obat oleh masyarakat di tiga kelurahan, yaitu Kelurahan Kaliabang Tengah, Perwira, dan Harapan Jaya, Kecamatan Bekasi Utara, Kota Bekasi, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, wawancara semi terstruktur dan observasi lapangan. Responden sebanyak 20 orang per kelurahan dipilih berdasarkan kepemilikan tanaman obat. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif berupa deskripsi serta statistik sederhana. Berdasarkan hasil observasi, didapatkan 72 spesies tanaman yang termasuk ke dalam 44 famili. Zingiberaceae merupakan famili yang paling banyak ditemukan. Spesies tanaman obat yang paling banyak ditanam adalah Pandanus amaryllifolius (77%). Sebagian besar habitus tanaman obat yang dijumpai berupa herba (40%) dan perdu (21%). Bagian yang paling banyak digunakan sebagai bahan obat adalah daun (48,75%). Sebanyak 63% dari spesies tanaman obat yang ditemukan diolah dengan cara direbus daunnya. Sementara itu, 45% responden memperoleh informasi pemanfaatan tanaman obat yang ditanamnya bersumber dari kenalan. Responden banyak memanfaatkan tanaman obat sebagai obat diabetes (20%). Biaya yang dikeluarkan oleh responden dalam merawat tanaman obat pekarangan sebesar Rp0 – Rp15.000 per bulan. Sebagian besar responden (73,3%) menyatakan tidak aktif dalam menambah koleksi tanaman obat.
       
      Indonesia is well-known for its variety of plants. Some of the plants have been used as medicinal base materials. Many people began to initiate the cultivation of medicinal plants after Covid-19 in Indonesia. The study aims to identify the diversity in yard and obtain information regarding to the sources and processing methods of medicinal plants by the people in three sub-districts, namely Kaliabang Tengah, Perwira, and Harapan Jaya, North Bekasi District, Bekasi City, West Java Province. The data is collected using qualitative and quantitative methods through purposive sampling techniques, semi-structured interviews and field observations. A total of 20 respondents per sub-district were selected based on their ownership of medicinal plants. According to observations, 72 species of medicinal plants belonging to 44 families were obtained. Zingiberaceae is the most widely distributed family. Pandanus amaryllifolius is the most commonly cultivated medicinal plant (77%). Most of the medicinal plants are found had herbs (40%) and shrubs habitus (21%). The most often used part is the leaves (48,8%). As many as 63% of the species of medicinal plants found are processed by boiling the leaves. Meanwhile, 40% of respondents obtained information about using medicinal plants they cultivated from acquaintances. Most of the respondents use medicinal plants as medicines for diabetes (20%). The costs incurred by respondents to maintain medicinal plants amounted to IDR0 – IDR15,000 per month. The majority of respondents (73.3%) claimed that they were not active in adding to the collection of medicinal plants.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/160201
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