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      Variasi genetik lebah Apis koschevnikovi di Paparan Sunda berdasarkan gen COI, COII, dan sekuen igs COI/COII

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      Date
      2024
      Author
      Sofandi, Tazkiana Nurul Fathiya
      Raffiudin, Rika
      Priawandiputra, Windra
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      Abstract
      Populasi lebah Apis koschevnikovi yang persebarannya terbatas di wilayah Paparan Sunda semakin menurun akibat alih fungsi lahan. Hal ini menyebabkan studi keanekaragaman lebah tersebut belum banyak dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis variasi genetik A. koschevnikovi berdasarkan gen cytochrome c oxidase subunit I dan II (COI dan COII) serta sekuen intergenic spacer (igs) pada DNA mitokondria. Metode penelitian terdiri atas ekstraksi, amplifikasi, dan sekuensing DNA, dilanjutkan dengan analisis bioinformatika dan filogenetik. Sampel A. koschevnikovi berasal dari wilayah Paparan Sunda yaitu provinsi Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Timur, Sumatra Selatan, Jambi, serta Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Eksplorasi sekuen COI, COII dan igs A. koschevnikovi menunjukkan masing-masing terdapat lima, enam, dan tiga haplotipe. Banyaknya jumlah haplotipe A. koschevnikovi Kalimantan menunjukkan keragaman genetik yang tinggi berdasarkan sekuen COI, COII, dan igs dengan jarak genetik tertinggi antara A. koschevnikovi Kalimantan Timur dengan Belitung berturut-turut berdasarkan ketiga gen adalah 1,3%, 0,7%, dan 3,4%. Perbedaan genetik ditemukan antara populasi A. koschevnikovi Belitung dan Sumatra dengan nilai FST (>0.25). Analisis kekerabatan pohon filogenetik menunjukkan A. koschevnikovi Kalimantan dan Sumatra memiliki hubungan kekerabatan lebih dekat dibanding Belitung yang sesuai dengan nilai FSTs. Perbedaan genetik dapat disebabkan barrier geografis serta terbatasnya kemampuan migrasi A. koschevnikovi.
       
      The population of Apis koschevnikovi bees distributed limited to the Sundaland region, is declining due to land-use change. Therefore, the bee diversity has not been widely studied. Thus, this study aims to analyze the genetic variation of A. koschevnikovi from cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and II genes (COI and COII) and intergenic spacer (igs) sequences on mitochondrial DNA. The research employed DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing, followed by bioinformatics and phylogenetic analyses. Apis koschevnikovi samples derived from the Sundaland region are West Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, South Sumatra, Jambi, and Bangka Belitung Islands. Exploration by COI, COII, and igs sequences of A. koschevnikovi showed five, six, and three haplotypes, respectively. The large number of Kalimantan A. koschevnikovi haplotypes indicates high genetic diversity from COI, COII, and igs sequences, with the highest genetic distance between East Kalimantan and Belitung A. koschevnikovi from the three sequences being 1.3%, 0.7% and 3.4%, respectively. Genetic differences were found between A. koschevnikovi Belitung and Sumatra populations with FST values (>0.25). Phylogenetic analysis agrees with FSTs that colonies from Kalimantan are closer to Sumatra than Belitung. This high genetic differentiation could be due to geographic barriers and the limited migratory ability of the native A. koschevnikovi.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/160171
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