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      Kajian Relevansi Aplikasi Vaksinasi Dosis Kedua Penyakit Mulut dan Kuku (PMK) di Feedlot Sapi Potong

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      Date
      2024
      Author
      Satrija, Esdinawan Carakantara
      Wibawan, I Wayan Teguh
      Poetri, Okti Nadia
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      Abstract
      Masuknya kembali penyakit mulut dan kuku (PMK) ke Indonesia pada tahun 2022 memicu pelaksanaan berbagai upaya pengendalian oleh pemerintah, termasuk vaksinasi massal. Protokol vaksinasi yang direkomendasikan mencakup pemberian dosis vaksin kedua dengan interval 4 – 5 minggu setelah vaksinasi pertama dan booster setiap 6 bulan. Meskipun pendekatan ini efektif untuk sapi perah yang memiliki masa pemeliharaan yang panjang, pendekatan ini belum tentu efektif untuk sapi penggemukan yang masa pemeliharaannya lebih pendek, yaitu sekitar 90 – 150 hari. Penelitian kami bertujuan untuk menilai kemanjuran vaksinasi PMK dua dosis dalam memicu respon imun pada sapi penggemukan serta kelayakan ekonomi dari pola vaksinasi ini. Dalam penelitian ini, 30 ekor sapi penggemukan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yang masing-masing berjumlah 15 ekor. Kelompok pertama mendapat dua dosis vaksin PMK, sedangkan kelompok kedua mendapat satu dosis. Variabel respon imun, termasuk profil sel darah putih (white blood cell/WBC) dan titer antibodi PMK, diukur menggunakan enzim-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Selain itu, bobot badan juga diukur pada hari ke 0 dan 60 hari pasca vaksinasi pertama (days post first vaccination/DPFV) untuk menghitung pertambahan bobot badan harian rata-rata (average daily gain/ADG) sapi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan dalam profil WBC, yaitu populasi limfosit, monosit, neutrofil, eosinofil, dan basofil antara kedua kelompok pada 60 DPFV. Hasil perhitungan rasio neutrofil terhadap limfosit (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio/NLR) menunjukkan bahwa populasi sapi di lokasi penelitian ini telah mengalami stres sebelum dilakukan pengambilan sampel akibat perbedaan iklim dan pola pemeliharaan, proses transportasi laut dan darat, serta penanganan di peternakan. Titer antibodi PMK sedikit lebih tinggi pada kelompok dua dosis dibandingkan dengan kelompok satu dosis pada 30 dan 60 DPFV tetapi perbedaannya tidak signifikan secara statistik. Namun, terdapat variasi titer antibodi PMK yang lebih tinggi pada kelompok vaksinasi satu dosis yang mengindikasikan risiko kekebalan kelompok yang tidak seragam. Mempertimbangkan hasil di atas, pelaksanaan vaksinasi PMK tanpa pengulangan di feedlot dengan sapi asal negara bebas PMK dapat dilakukan tetapi harus disertai dengan penerapan sistem biosekuriti yang ketat untuk mengurangi risiko masuknya virus PMK ke feedlot. Analisis ekonomi berdasarkan perhitungan ADG menunjukkan bahwa pemberian vaksin PMK dosis kedua dapat menghasilkan keuntungan ekonomi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan vaksinasi tanpa pengulangan. Namun hal ini perlu dikaji lebih lanjut secara komprehensif mengingat sifat proses vaksinasi sebagai stressor serta keterbatasan penelitian ini dalam mengevaluasi perawatan harian ternak.
       
      The re-emergence of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Indonesia in 2022 led the government to implement various control measures, including mass vaccination. The recommended protocol involves two doses of the vaccine at a 4 – 5-week interval and a booster every 6 months. While this approach may be effective for dairy cattle with a long lifespan, it may not be as effective for fattening cattle with a shorter rearing period of 90 – 150 days. Our study aims to assess the efficacy of a two-dose FMD vaccination in eliciting an immune response in fattening cattle as well as the economic viability of this vaccination regimen. In this study, 30 fattening cattle were divided into two groups of 15. The first group received two doses of the FMD vaccine, while the second group received a single dose. Immune response variables, including white blood cell (WBC) profiles and FMD antibody titers, were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, body weight was also measured on 0 and 60 days post-first vaccination (DPFV) to calculate cattle’s average daily gain (ADG). Our results revealed no significant differences in WBC profiles, including lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, at 60 DPFV between the two groups. The results of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) calculation indicate that the population of cattle shipments at this research location had been exposed to stress before sampling was carried out due to differences in environmental climate and rearing patterns, sea and land transportation processes, as well as handling on the farm. FMD antibody titer was slightly higher in the two-dose group compared to the single-dose group at both 30 and 60 DPFV but the difference was not statistically significant. However, there is a higher FMD antibody titer variation in the single-dose vaccination group indicating a risk of non-uniform herd immunity. Considering these results, implementation of single-dose FMD vaccination in feedlots with cattle originating from FMD-free countries can be carried out but must be accompanied by the implementation of a strict biosecurity system to reduce the risk of the FMD virus entering the feedlot. Economic analysis based on ADG calculation shows that administering the second FMD vaccine dose could result in higher economic profits than single-dose vaccination. However, this needs to be reviewed further in a comprehensive manner considering the nature of the vaccination process as a stressor as well as the limitations of this study in evaluating the livestock's daily care.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/160078
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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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      Universitas Jember Digital Repository