Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea) pada Tumpang Sari dengan Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Abstract

Masa panen ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz) yang relatif lama menyebabkan petani kurang bisa memenuhi kebutuhan harian maupun bulanannya. Kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) merupakan tanaman dengan nilai ekonomis yang cukup tinggi. Produksi kacang tanah yang cenderung turun berbanding terbalik dengan produktivitasnya yang relatif naik, hal tersebut salah satunya dikarenakan luasan tanam kacang tanah yang menurun setiap tahunnya. Tumpang sari merupakan metode yang tepat untuk meningkatkan produktivitas lahan, mengurangi risiko usaha tani, serta meningkatkan pendapatan. Perlu diketahui pengaruh sistem tumpang sari kacang tanah dengan ubi kayu terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi hasil, serta menentukan Nisbah Kesetaraan Lahan (NKL). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Oktober 2023 sampai Juli 2024 di Kebun Percobaan Cikabayan. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) satu faktor dengan 4 perlakuan (P1= monokultur kacang tanah; P2= monokultur ubi kayu; P3= tumpang sari 1 baris ubi kayu dan 2 baris kacang tanah; P4= tumpang sari 1 baris ubi kayu dan 3 baris kacang tanah). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Perlakuan tumpang sari 1 baris ubi kayu dan 2 baris kacang tanah serta tumpang sari 1 baris ubi kayu dan 3 baris kacang tanah layak dilakukan karena memiliki nisbah kesetaraan lahan (NKL)>1. Perlakuan tumpang sari 1 baris ubi kayu dan 2 baris kacang tanah memiliki nisbah kesetaraan lahan (NKL) paling tinggi yaitu 1,95.

The relatively lengthy harvest period of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) results in a diminished capacity on the part of farmers to meet their daily and monthly needs. Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is a crop with a high economic value. The decline in groundnut production is inversely proportional to its relatively increasing productivity. One contributing factor is the reduction in the area planted to groundnuts each year. Intercropping represents an effective approach to enhance land productivity, mitigate agricultural risks, and augment income. It is essential to ascertain the impact of intercropping peanut with cassava on growth and yield production, as well as to determine the land equivalence ratio (LER). The research was conducted over the course of ten months, from October 2023 to July 2024, at the Cikabayan Experimental Farm. The research employed a one-factor randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments (P1 = peanut monoculture; P2 = cassava monoculture; P3 = intercropping one row of cassava and two rows of peanut; P4 = intercropping one row of cassava and three rows of peanut). The results demonstrated that the cropping pattern of intercropping one row of cassava and two rows of peanuts and the cropping pattern of one row of cassava and three rows of peanuts is feasible because it has a land equivalence ratio (LER) >1. The cropping pattern of intercropping one row of cassava and two rows of peanuts has the highest land equivalence ratio (LER) of 1,95.