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      Ragam Jamur Saprofit sebagai Agen Dekolorisasi Pewarna Sintetik

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      Date
      2024
      Author
      Rahmawati, Putri
      Putra, Ivan Permana
      Nurhayat, Oktan Dwi
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      Abstract
      Perkembangan industri tekstil di Indonesia yang semakin meningkat juga diiringi oleh resiko produksi limbah pewarna sintetik, seperti azo dan antrakuinon. Reduksi kandungan pewarna sintetik dapat dilakukan melalui dekolorisasi dengan kemampuan biotransformasi jamur, terutama jamur saprofit yang mampu hidup pada berbagai substrat. Namun, penelitian mengenai dekolorisasi pewarna sintetik antrakuinon dan azo oleh jamur masih perlu ditelaah lebih lanjut. Selain itu, data keragaman jamur saprofit di Indonesia masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk pengetahui keragaman jamur saprofit serta kemampuannya dalam mendekolorisasi pewarna sintetik antrakuinon dan azo. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu pengambilan sampel jamur, isolasi dan preservasi jamur, pengawetan sampel, identifikasi morfologi, skrining penghasil enzim ligninotik, uji kemampuan dekolorisasi terhadap pewarna antrakuinon dan azo, serta identifikasi molekuler jamur dengan kemampuan dekolorisasi terbaik. Penelitian ini berhasil mendeskripsikan sebanyak 23 spesies jamur saprofit dengan isolat dari 6 spesies jamur terbukti mampu mendekolorisasi pewarna sintetik antrakuinon AB129 dan RBBR, yaitu Clitocybe sp. DRG4, Lepiota sp. 1 DRG10, Ganoderma sp. DRG12, Lentinus sajor-caju DRG13, Coprinus sp. DRG18, serta Gymnopilus sp. 2 DRG19 dan 2 spesies jamur mampu mendekolorisasi pewarna sintetik azo RB5, yaitu Ganoderma sp. DRG12 dan Lentinus sajor-caju DRG13. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan potensi dari jamur saprofit sebagai agen dekolorisasi pewarna sintetik.
       
      The increasing growth of the textile industry in Indonesia is also accompanied by the risk of producing synthetic dye waste, such as azo and anthraquinone. Synthetic dye content can be reduced by using saprophytic fungi that can live on various substrates. However, research on decolorization of anthraquinone and azo dyes by fungi still needs further investigation. Additionally, data on the diversity of saprophytic fungi in Indonesia is still limited. This study aims to determine the diversity of saprophytic fungi and their ability to decolorize anthraquinone and azo dyes. The methods used in this study include fungal sampling, isolation and preservation, morphological identification, screening for ligninolytic enzyme producers, decolorization anthraquinone and azo dyes assay, and molecular identification of fungi with the best decolorization ability. This study identified 23 species saprophytic fungi and shows that the isolates of Clitocybe sp. DRG4, Lepiota sp. 1 DRG10, Ganoderma sp. DRG12, Lentinus sajor-caju DRG13, Coprinus sp. DRG18, and Gymnopilus sp. 2 DRG19 able to decolorized AB129 and RBBR. Additionally, two fungal species of Ganoderma sp. DRG12 and Lentinus sajor-caju DRG13 exhibited RB5 decolorization activity. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of saprophytic fungi as agents for the decolorization of synthetic dyes.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/159081
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