Epidermal, Stomatal, and Trichome Structures of Natural Foods in the Diet of Long-Tailed Macaques from Tinjil Island

Abstract

Leaves, flowers, and fruits in plants exhibit unique and characteristic tissue and cellular structures, making anatomical data easily identifiable. This study aims to investigate the anatomical structure of 21 dietary plant species of long-tailed macaques on Tinjil Island. Anatomical observations were performed on paradermal sections using the whole-mount method. Stomata in the leaves of dietary plants for long-tailed macaques were found only on the abaxial side (hypostomatic). Eight types of stomata were identified in the leaves of these plants: amphipericytic, hemiparasitic, paratetracytic, anomocytic, cyclocytic, amphibrachyparasitic, parasitic, and anisocytic. Observed epidermal cell type were straight notched, notched straight, shallow notched, and deep notched. Stomatal size and density varied among species. Two types of trichomes were observed: non-glandular and glandular. Five types of stomata were identified in the fruit epidermis: parasitic, cyclocytic, actinocytic, tetracytic, and anomocytic. Stomata were not observed in the paradermal sections of one flower species of the dietary plants for long-tailed macaques.

Daun, bunga, dan buah pada tumbuhan menunjukkan struktur jaringan dan sel yang unik dan khas, sehingga data anatomi mudah diidentifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari struktur anatomi 21 jenis tumbuhan pakan monyet ekor panjang di Pulau Tinjil. Pengamatan anatomi dilakukan dengan sayatan paradermal menggunakan metode whole mount. Keberadaan stomata dari daun tumbuhan pakan monyet ekor panjang, hanya dijumpai pada sisi abaksial (hipostomatik). Sebanyak delapan tipe stomata yang ditemukan pada daun tumbuhan pakan monyet ekor panjang yakni amphiperisitik, hemiparasitik, paratetrasitik, anomositik, siklositik, amphibrakiparasitik, parasitik, dan anisositik. Karakter dinding sel epidermis yang teramati yaitu lurus berlekuk, berlekuk lurus, berlekuk dangkal, dan berlekuk dalam. Ukuran panjang dan kerapatan stomata bervariasi antar jenis. Terdapat dua tipe trikoma yang teramati, yaitu trikoma non kelenjar dan trikoma kelenjar. Lima tipe stomata yang ditemukan pada epidermis buah, yaitu tipe parasitik, siklositik, aktinositik, tetrasitik, dan anomositik. Stomata tidak teramati pada sayatan paradermal satu jenis bunga tumbuhan pakan monyet ekor panjang.