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      Aplikasi Slow Release Fertilizer Bersalut Campuran Kitosan, Bahan Humat dan Pati Singkong Pada Pembibitan Sengon

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      Date
      2024
      Author
      Cahyani, Sulis Fajar
      Suryaningtyas, R.A. Dyah Tjahyandari
      Oktariani, Putri
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      Abstract
      Penggunaan pupuk lepas lambat atau slow release fertilizer (SRF) telah menjadi fokus dalam pertanian modern karena mampu mengurangi risiko pencemaran lingkungan dan meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan pupuk. Pelepasan nutrisi yang lambat dapat diperoleh melalui pelapisan pupuk. Bahan pelapis SRF dapat terbuat dari berbagai bahan organik dan anorganik. Beberapa bahan organik yang potensial digunakan sebagai bahan pelapis adalah kitosan, bahan humat dan pati singkong. Untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya maka diaplikasikan pada tanaman sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dua tahap, yang pertama pembuatan SRF dengan melapisi NPK dan kedua pengujian SRF. Proses pelapisan pada pupuk NPK Mutiara 16:16:16 menggunakan kitosan, asam humat dan pati singkong dengan kombinasi perbandingan SRF 1 (3:1:1), SRF 2 (1:3:1), SRF 3 (1:1:3), dan SRF 4 (1:1:1). Uji karakteristik fisik dilakukan dengan uji daya tahan pelapis slow release fertilizer terhadap tetesan air dan rendaman air serta uji pelapis menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) sedangkan uji karakteristik kimia dilakukan dengan pengujian hara SRF dan pelepasan ion hara SRF melalui tabung perkolasi serta analisis tanah setelah panen (12 MST). Sedangkan aplikasi SRF pada tanaman sengon dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap, terdiri dari 6 perlakuan dengan 3 kali ulangan. Berdasarkan hasil uji perkolasi konsentrasi hara K yang terlarut berturut-turut dari yang terendah adalah SRF 4, SRF 2, SRF3, SRF 1, dan NPK. Sedangkan konsentrasi hara P yang terlarut adalah SRF 2, SRF 3, SRF 1, SRF 4 dan NPK. Perlakuan SRF 2 dan NPK terhadap pertumbuhan bibit sengon berpengaruh nyata meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, dan cenderung meningkatkan diameter batang dan jumlah daun. Formulasi terbaik untuk bibit sengon adalah pupuk dengan bahan pelapis yang didominasi kitosan. Formulasi dari pupuk tersebut menghasilkan bibit sengon yang tinggi dengan diameter yang juga besar. Kata kunci : pelapisan pupuk, pupuk NPK, uji perkolasi
       
      The use of slow release fertilizer (SRF) has become a focus in modern agriculture because it can reduce the risk of environmental pollution and increase the efficiency of fertilizer use. Slow release of nutrients can be achieved through layering of fertilizer. SRF coating materials can be made from a variety of organic and inorganic materials. Some organic materials that have the potential to be used as coating materials are chitosan, humic substance and cassava starch. In order to determine its effect, it was applied to the sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) seedling. This research was carried out in two stages, the first was making SRF and the second stage was testing SRF. The process of making SRF was carried out by coating NPK Mutiara 16:16:16 fertilizer using chitosan, humic substance and cassava starch with 4 combination, namely SRF 1 (3:1:1), SRF 2 (1:3:1), SRF 3 (1:1:3 ), and SRF 4 (1:1:1). The physical characteristics was carried out by testing the durability of the SRF against water droplets and water immersion as well as the coating test using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) while the chemical characteristics test was carried out by testing SRF nutrients and releasing SRF nutrient ions through percolation tubes and soil analysis after 12 weeks. Meanwhile , in order to examine the effect of SRF, it was applied to sengon (Paraserianthes Falcataria) seedlings using a completely randomized design, consisting of 6 treatments with 3 replications. Based on the results of the percolation test, the dissolved K nutrient concentrations, from the lowest respectively, were SRF 4, SRF 2, SRF3, SRF 1, and NPK. Meanwhile, the dissolved P nutrient concentrations were SRF 2, SRF 3, SRF 1, SRF 4 and NPK. The application of SRF to the growth of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) seedlings had a significant effect on increasing plant height, and tended to increase stem diameter and number of leaves. The best formulation was fertilizer with a coating material that is dominated by chitosan. The formulation of this fertilizer produces height sengon seeds with a large diameter
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/158354
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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