Evaluasi Keragaan dan Daya Hasil Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata) Hibrida IPB

Abstract

Evaluasi keragaan dan uji daya hasil diperlukan dalam perakitan varietas unggul tanaman. Institut Pertanian Bogor memiliki berbagai hibrida jagung manis yang belum dievaluasi keragaan dan daya hasilnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi keragaan dan uji daya hasil jagung manis hibrida IPB. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan IPB Leuwikopo, Dramaga, Bogor, Jawa Barat, sejak Januari sampai Maret 2024. Penelitian terdiri dari satu faktor yaitu genotipe sebanyak 12 genotipe jagung manis hibrida. Penanaman menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan tiga ulangan dan setiap satuan percobaan terdiri atas 20 tanaman. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji F dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Jujur pada level 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotipe berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua karakter kecuali diameter batang, umur berbunga jantan, dan Antheis Silking Interval. Padatan terlarut total 10 genotipe uji berkisar 11,69–14,63 oBrix sedangkan varietas pembanding 13,97–14,30 oBrix. Genotipe uji jagung manis ungu SM 1.1.9.1 x JMU 26.3.2.1 (11,51 ton ha-1) memiliki produktivitas yang lebih baik dibanding varietas jagung manis ungu Mira. Genotipe uji jagung manis IPB SM 6.3.1 x SB 8.4.3 memiliki produktivitas 19,12 ton ha-1 lebih tinggi dibandingkan varietas jagung manis Exsotic (12,87 ton ha-1).

Performance evaluation and yield tests are required in the assembly of superior varieties of crops. Bogor Agricultural University has a variety of sweet corn hybrids that have not been evaluated for their performance and yield. This research aimed to evaluate the performance and yield test of IPB sweet corn hybrids. The research was conducted at Leuwikopo Experimental Farm IPB, Dramaga, Bogor, West Java, from January to March 2024. The research consisted of one factor, namely genotipe of 12 hybrid sweet corn genotipes. Planting used a randomized complete group design with three replications and each experimental unit consisted of 20 plants. The data obtained were analyzed with the F test and continued with the Honest Significant Difference test at the 5% level. The results showed that genotipe had a significant effect on all characters except stem diameter, male flowering age, and Anthesis Silking Interval. Total dissolved solids of the 10 test genotypes ranged from 11.69-14.63 oBrix while the comparison variety was 13.97-14.30 oBrix. The purple sweet maize test genotype SM 1.1.9.1 x JMU 26.3.2.1 (11.51 tons ha-1) had better productivity than the purple sweet maize variety Mira. The IPB sweet maize test genotype SM 6.3.1 x SB 8.4.3 has a productivity of 19.12 tons ha-1 higher than the sweet maize variety Exsotic (12.87 tons ha-1).