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      Morfometri Heterotrigona itama (Apidae: Meliponinae) dari Lokasi Berbeda

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      Date
      2024
      Author
      Kusprianti, Ervina Ning
      Atmowidi, Tri
      Raffiudin, Rika
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      Abstract
      Lebah tanpa sengat (stingless bees) memiliki peran penting dalam penyerbukan tanaman. Distribusi lebah tanpa sengat di Indonesia sangat luas, sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan variasi morfologi dan morfometri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan morfologi dan membandingkan morfometri lebah tanpa sengat Heterotrigona itama asal Pandeglang, Bandung, dan Pematang Siantar. Total 96 spesimen H. itama dilakukan pengamatan morfologi dan morfometri terhadap 34 karakter. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan terdapat variasi jumlah hamuli pada H. itama asal Pandeglang, Bandung, dan Pematang Siantar. Hasil uji Kruskal Wallis menunjukkan 33 karakter morfometri berbeda secara signifikan, sedangkan lebar flagellomere 2 tidak berbeda secara signifikan. Ordinasi NMDS menunjukkan lebah asal Pandeglang dan Bandung saling berdekatan dan membentuk kelompok, sementara lebah Pematang Siantar terpisah dengan lebah lainnya. Analisis PCA menunjukkan panjang sayap depan dengan tegula dan panjang tubuh merupakan karakter paling dominan dalam pengelompokan. Sebagian besar karakter morfometri H. itama asal Bandung berukuran lebih kecil, sementara lebah asal Pematang Siantar berukuran lebih besar. Variasi ukuran spesimen yang sama dari lokasi berbeda merupakan bentuk adaptasi morfologi terhadap kondisi lingkungan.
       
      Stingless bees have an important role in plant pollination. The distribution of stingless bees in Indonesia is very wide, so it has the potential to cause morphological and morphometric variations. This study aims to describe the morphology and compare the morphometry of stingless bees Heterotrigona itama from Pandeglang, Bandung, and Pematang Siantar. A total of 96 specimens of H. itama were observed morphologically and morphometrically on 34 characters. The results showed that there were variations in the number of hamuli in H. itama from Pandeglang, Bandung, and Pematang Siantar. Kruskal-Wallis test results show 33 morphometric characters are significantly different, while the width of flagellomere 2 is not significantly different. NMDS ordination shows that bees from Pandeglang and Bandung are close to each other and form groups, while Pematang Siantar bees are separated from other bees. PCA analysis shows that the length of forewing including tegula and body length are the most dominant characters in clustering. Most of the morphometric characters of H. itama from Bandung were the smaller in size, while the bees from Pematang Siantar were the larger. Variations in the size of the same specimens from different locations are a form of morphological adaptation to environmental conditions.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/157894
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