Keragaan dan Produksi Genotipe Kentang IPB Asal Setek di Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) merupakan tanaman sayuran yang umumnya dibudidayakan di dataran tinggi. Permintaan kentang secara nasional cenderung meningkat, sedangkan produktivitas masih cukup rendah. Ketersediaan kentang belum bisa memenuhi seluruh kebutuhan dalam negeri, khususnya sektor industri keripik kentang. Oleh karena itu, Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika (PKHT) dan Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura IPB University berupaya menyelesaikan permasalahan tanaman kentang di Indonesia dengan merakit beberapa genotipe kentang yang harapannya akan berdaya hasil tinggi disertai dengan penyediaan benih kentang bermutu. Penelitian bertujuan mengevaluasi daya hasil genotipe kentang IPB di Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Barusuda, Kecamatan Cigedug, Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat pada bulan Januari hingga Mei 2024. Penelitian ini menguji daya hasil enam genotipe kentang IPB, antara lain, PKHT-4, PKHT-6, PKHT-11, PKHT-12, PKHT-15, PKHT-17, serta varietas AR-08 dan Medians sebagai pembanding. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) faktor tunggal, yaitu genotipe dengan empat ulangan sehingga terdapat 32 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotipe PKHT-6 memiliki jumlah umbi per tanaman, bobot umbi per tanaman, dan produktivitas tertinggi dibandingkan genotipe lain dan varietas pembanding. Bobot satuan umbi genotipe PKHT-6 tidak berbeda nyata dengan genotipe PKHT-11 dan varietas Medians. Keenam genotipe yang diuji sesuai dengan kriteria umbi kentang industri, tetapi pada genotipe PKHT-6 diperlukan penanganan pascapanen untuk menyesuaikan kriteria kadar airnya.

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are vegetable plant that is commonly cultivated in highland areas. The national demand for potatoes tends to increase, while productivity remains relatively low. The availability of potatoes is not yet able to meet the entire domestic need, especially for the potato chip industry. Therefore, Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika (PKHT) and the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture at IPB University are working to address potato cultivation issues in Indonesia by developing several potato genotypes that are expected to have high yields and provide quality potato seed. This research aims to evaluate the yield potential of IPB potato genotypes in Garut Regency, West Java. The study was conducted in Barusuda Village, Cigedug District, Garut Regency, West Java, from January to May 2024. The research tested the yield of six IPB potato genotypes, namely PKHT-4, PKHT-6, PKHT-11, PKHT-12, PKHT-15, PKHT-17, as well as the AR-08 and Medians varieties as comparisons. The study employed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with genotype as the single factor, replicated four times, resulting in 32 experimental units. The results showed that genotype PKHT-6 had the highest number of tubers per plant, tuber weight per plant, and productivity compared to other genotypes and the comparison varieties. The unit tuber weight of genotype PKHT-6 was not significantly different from that of genotype PKHT-11 and the Medians variety. The six genotypes tested meet the criteria for industrial potato tubers, but for the PKHT-6 genotype, post-harvest handling is required to adjust its moisture content criteria.