Penerapan Biosekuriti Terhadap Sebaran Penyakit Pada Kegiatan Budidaya Ikan Koi di Daerah Jakarta

Abstract

Salah satu tantangan utama dalam budidaya ikan koi adalah keberadaan patogen. Penerapan biosekuriti menjadi penting untuk mencegah masuknya patogen ke dalam wadah budidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran terkait penerapan biosekuriti terhadap keberadaan penyakit pada budidaya ikan koi di daerah Jakarta. Metode yang digunakan meliputi penentuan lokasi, observasi dan wawancara, pengambilan sampel, identifikasi penyakit, perhitungan parasit (intensitas, prevalensi dan dominasi) dan penentuan scoring dan grading. Pengujian parasit mengacu pada Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) Tahun 2015, pemeriksaan bakteri mengacu pada Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) Tahun 2015 dan penilaian scoring dan grading mengacu pada Peraturan Balai Karantina Ikan, Pengendalian Mutu, dan Keamanan Hasil Perikanan Nomor 92 Tahun 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan biosekuriti pada pembudidaya ikan koi di daerah Jakarta masuk ke dalam kategori cukup baik. Pemeriksaan bakteri Aeromonas salmonicida menunjukkan hasil negatif pada semua sampel. Meskipun semua sampel ikan koi terdapat parasit, namun jumlahnya masih dalam kategori "sedang" dan tidak berdampak signifikan terhadap kesehatan ikan serta keberlanjutan budidaya. Simpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa penerapan biosekuriti pada subjek penelitian dapat menekan keberadaan patogen di dalam area budidaya ikan koi.

One of the main challenges in koi fish farming is the presence of pathogens. The implementation of biosecurity measures is crucial to prevent the entry of pathogens into the farming environment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of biosecurity measures in preventing disease spread in koi fish. The methods used include site selection, observation and interviews, sample collection, disease identification, parasite calculation (intensity, prevalence, and dominance), and determination of scoring and grading. Parasite testing follows the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) Number 7303 of 2015, bacterial examination refers to SNI Number 6332 of 2015, and scoring and grading assessments are based on the Regulations of the Fish Quarantine, Quality Control, and Fishery Product Safety Agency Number 92 of 2017. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of biosecurity measures among koi fish farmers in the Jakarta area falls into the "fairly good" category. The examination for Aeromonas salmonicida bacteria showed negative results in all samples. Although some koi fish samples were found to have parasites, the numbers were still within the "moderate" category and did not significantly impact the health of the fish or the sustainability of the farming. The conclusion of this study is that the koi fish hatchery locations that were the subjects of this research have implemented biosecurity practices reasonably well, but improvements are needed to reduce the abundance of parasites in koi fish.