Analisis Keragaman Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula di Areal Reklamasi PT Pesona Khatulistiwa Nusantara Kalimantan Utara

Abstract

Mikoriza merupakan bentuk hubungan simbiosis mutualisme antar fungi dengan system perakaran tumbuhan. Keberadaan mikoriza dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan, jenis tanaman inang, dan umur tanaman inang. Penelitian mengenai analisis keragaman Fungi Mikoriza Aarbuskula (FMA) di hutan alam dan tiga areal reklamasi lahan pascatambang dengan tujuan menganalisis kepadatan, persebaran dan kelimpahan, serta tingkat kolonisasi FMA pada tingkat genus. Sebanyak 45 sampel tanah dan akar diambil dari setiap lokasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keanekaragaman genus FMA yang ditemukan yaitu Acaulospora, Diversispora, Gigaspora, Glomus, dan Paraglomus. Kepadatan spora tertinggi terdapat pada HA sebesar17,15 spora/g tanah. Genus Glomus dan Acaulospora memiliki frekuensi relatif tertinggi yaitu 100% di ketiga lokasi (HA, TU5 dan TU1). Glomus memiliki kelimpahan relatif tertinggi di ketiga lokasi. Tingkat kolonisasi FMA tertinggi terdapat pada lokasi HA sebesar 58,66%. Lokasi BR tidak terdapat vegetasi sehingga tidak memiliki nilai kepadatan spora dan tingkat kolonisasi akar.

Mycorrhiza represents a form of symbiotic mutualistic association between fungi and plant root systems. The presence of mycorrhiza is influenced by environmental conditions, host plant species, and the age of the host plant. Research on the diversity analysis of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in natural forests and three post mined land reclamation areas aims to assess AMF density, distribution, abundance, and colonization levels at the genus level. A total of 45 soil and root samples were collected from each location. The study revealed the diversity of AMF genera, including Acaulospora, Diversispora, Gigaspora, Glomus, and Paraglomus. The highest spore density was found in the reclamation area (HA) at 17.15 spores/g of soil. Genus Glomus and Acaulospora had the highest relative frequency (100%) across all three locations (HA, TU5, and TU1). Glomus also exhibited the highest relative abundance in all three locations. The highest AMF colonization level was observed in the HA location, reaching 58.66%. The BR location lacked vegetation, resulting in no spore density or root colonization values.