Determinan Kinerja Logistik di Kawasan Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

Abstract

Peran penting logistik dalam mendukung pergerakan barang dan memfasilitasi perdagangan saat ini menjadi perhatian banyak negara, termasuk kawasan APEC. Logistik berperan dalam menjaga ketersediaan pasok, menurunkan biaya perdagangan, dan dapat meningkatkan respon permintaan pasar dengan lebih cepat sehingga dapat meningkatkan daya saing produk di pasar global. Namun, beberapa negara anggota APEC, termasuk Indonesia masih memiliki kinerja logistik yang rendah sehingga perlu ada upaya untuk dapat meningkatkan kinerja logistik. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat pengaruh pilar daya saing global, yakni kualitas infrastruktur transportasi, dan PDB per kapita, gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), indeks persepsi korupsi, dan dummy Covid-19 terhadap indeks kinerja logistik (LPI) menggunakan regresi data panel. Data yang digunakan mencakup data panel dengan 18 negara anggota APEC selama periode 2014-2022. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas jalan, PDB per kapita, indeks persepsi korupsi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja logistik. GFCF, kualitas bandara, kualitas jalur kereta api, dan Covid-19 tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja logistik. Sementara itu, kualitas pelabuhan berpengaruh negatif terhadap kinerja logistik di kawasan APEC.

The important role of logistics in supporting the movement of goods and facilitating trade is currently the concern of many countries, including the APEC region. Logistics plays a role in maintaining supply availability, lowering trade costs, and can improve market demand response more quickly so as to increase product competitiveness in the global market. However, some APEC member economies, including Indonesia, still have low logistics performance so there needs to be an effort to improve logistics performance. This study aims to see how the pillars of global competitiveness, namely the quality of transportation infrastructure, and GDP per capita, gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), corruption perception index, and Covid-19 dummy affect logistic performance index (LPI) using panel data regression. The data used includes panel data with 18 APEC member economies during the period 2014-2022. The results of this study show that road quality, GDP per capita, corruption perception index have a significant effect on logistics performance. GFCF, air transportation quality, railway quality, and Covid-19 are not significant to logistics performance. Meanwhile, port quality has a negative effect on logistics performance in the APEC region. Keywords:. logi