Dampak Automotive Product Mutual Recognition Agreement (APMRA) terhadap Ekspor Produk Otomotif Indonesia ke ASEAN 6

Abstract

Perdagangan produk otomotif kerap mengalami hambatan dikarenakan standarisasi yang berbeda di tiap negaranya. Hal tersebut tentu akan berdampak kepada Indonesia, selaku negara pengekspor produk otomotif (HS 8703) terbesar kedua dibawah Thailand. Sebagai salah satu upaya mengatasi hambatan tersebut, Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) sepakat untuk menandatangani Automotive Product Mutual Recognition Agreement (APMRA) yang mulai diberlakukan pada 15 Januari 2022. APMRA ditujukan untuk mengharmonisasi standar produk otomotif di kawasan ASEAN sehingga perdagangan tidak lagi terhambat oleh kebijakan standarisasi produk yang berbeda-beda. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa dampak APMRA terhadap ekspor produk otomotif Indonesia dengan menggunakan pendekatan Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), dan X-Model, dan regresi data panel. Hasil RCA menunjukan produk otomotif Indonesia berdaya saing tinggi di Filipina, Thailand, dan Vietnam. Hasil EPD menunjukkan bahwa posisi produk otomotif Indonesia di berada di kuadran rising star kecuali Singapura pada falling star. Berdasarkan X-Model, pengembangan pasar optimis untuk produk otomotif Indonesia berada di Filipina, Thailand, dan Vietnam. Regresi data panel menunjukkan bahwa RCA dan dummy APMRA berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai ekspor produk otomotif Indonesia ke ASEAN 6.

The trade of automotive products often faces obstacles due to differing standards in each country. This situation naturally impacts Indonesia, which is the second-largest exporter of automotive products (HS 8703) after Thailand. As part of efforts to overcome these barriers, the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) agreed to sign the Automotive Product Mutual Recognition Agreement (APMRA), which came into effect on January 15, 2022. The APMRA aims to harmonize automotive product standards within the ASEAN region so that trade is no longer hindered by differing product standardization policies. This study aims to analyze the impact of APMRA on Indonesia's automotive product exports using the approaches of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamics (EPD), and X-Model, along with panel data regression. The RCA results indicate that Indonesian automotive products have a high competitiveness in the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. The EPD results show that the position of Indonesian automotive products is in the rising star quadrant, except for Singapore, which is in the falling star quadrant. According to the X-Model, optimistic market development for Indonesian automotive products is expected in the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. Panel data regression results show that RCA and the APMRA dummy have a positive influence on the value of Indonesia's automotive product exports to the ASEAN-6 countries.