Formulasi Bioplastik Berbasis Pati Biji Nangka dengan Reinforcement Nanoselulosa Serbuk Kayu Campuran

Abstract

Bioplastik merupakan plastik ramah lingkungan yang dapat terurai lebih cepat, dibandingkan dengan plastik konvensional. Biji nangka dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan bioplastik. Penambahan bahan penguat (reinforcement), seperti nanoselulosa diharapkan dapat meningkatkan sifat fisik dan mekanik bioplastik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan formulasi bioplastik pati biji nangka terbaik dengan penambahan nanoselulosa serbuk kayu sebagai reinforcement. Rendemen pati biji nangka hasil ekstraksi diperoleh sebesar 11,70%. Selulosa serbuk kayu diperoleh melalui proses delignifikasi menggunakan NaOH 10%, proses pemutihan menggunakan H2O2 30% dan NaOCl 10%, diakhiri penghalusan partikel dengan metode ball milling. Rendemen selulosa diperoleh sebesar 35,65% dan nanoselulosa 61,55%. Bioplastik pati biji nangka yang dihasilkan meningkatkan ketebalan dan densitas. Daya serap air dan laju tansmisi uap air bioplastik akan menurun seiring dengan penambahan nanoselulosa. Penambahan konsentrasi nanoselulosa 2,5% menghasilkan bioplastik terbaik dengan nilai kuat tarik 4,5465 MPa, elongasi 7,48%, dan elastisitas 0,6078 MPa.

Bioplastics are environmentally friendly plastics that decompose faster than conventional plastics. Jackfruit seeds can be used as a primary material for making bioplastics. Adding reinforcement materials like nanocellulose is expected to improve bioplastics' physical and mechanical properties. This study aims to determine the best formulation of jackfruit seed starch bioplastic with the addition of wood powder nanocellulose as reinforcement. The yield of jackfruit seed starch from extraction was obtained at 11,70%. Wood powder cellulose is obtained through a deignification process using 10% NaOH, a bleaching process using 30% H2O2 and 10% NaOCl, and particle smoothing by the ball milling method. The cellulose yield was obtained by 35,65% and nanocellulose by 61,55%. The resulting jackfruit seed starch bioplastic increases the thickness and density. It also decreases water absorption and bioplastic's water vapor transmission rate, along with the increase in nanocellulose concentration. Adding a nanocellulose concentration of 2,5% produced the best bioplastic, with a tensile strength value of 4,5465 MPa, elongation of 7,48%, and elasticity of 0,6078 MPa.