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      Dinamika Sistem Ketersediaan Beras menuju Kemandirian Pangan

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      Date
      2024
      Author
      Wajdah, Risna Rahmatul
      Nurmalina, Rita
      Yusalina
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      Abstract
      Permintaan beras terus mengalami peningkatan namun tidak dibarengi dengan jumlah penawarannya. Kebutuhan beras dipengaruhi oleh jumlah penduduk dan tingkat konsumsi perkapita. Jumlah penduduk cenderung meningkat dan tingkat konsumsi beras di Indonesia cukup tinggi. Selain itu, masalah lain pada penawaran beras yaitu berkurangnya luas lahan sawah akibat konversi lahan dan berkurangnya produktivitas padi akibat genetik, lingkungan dan teknologi. Genetik (padi rawa, padi gogo dan padi sawah). Lingkungan (Iklim klimatiks; elnino dan lanina, tanah edafik, mikroorganisme biotik). Teknologi (Ketersediaan benih, pupuk berkualitas, supply chain yang tidak lancar). Hal tersebut dapat mengancam kemandirian pangan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membangun, menganalisa ketersediaan beras dan merumuskan strategi kebijakan yang dapat direkomendasikan dalam pencapaian kemandirian pangan di Indonesia. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sistem dinamik dengan dibantu oleh alat analisis Powersim 10 dan Vensim PLE. Model dilakukan uji validasi kinerja model menggunakan UJI AME dan validasi struktural dengan dilakukannya Focus Group Discussion bersama para pakar perberasan. Validasi model dilakukan pada tahun 2018-2022. Hasil uji validasi kinerja model sebesar <5% sehingga sangat tepat dan dapat dilanjutkan dilakukannya simulasi. Model disimulasikan hingga tahun 2045 (sebagai lumbung pangan dunia). Berdasarkan hasil simulasi tanpa skenario atau basis ketersediaan beras pada tahun 2045 negatif. Dengan demikian dilakukannya simulasi skenario kebijakan. Hasil simulasi setelah diskenario menyatakan bahwa kondisi ketersediaan beras hingga 2045 mengalami surplus sebesar 4,15 juta ton. Dengan demikian diperoleh skenario terbaik. Namun, masih belum tercapai target ketersediaan yang ditentukan pemerintah. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kebijakan yang tepat untuk mencapainya. Skenario kebijakan yang dapat meningkatkan ketersediaan beras di Indonesia yaitu adanya peningkatan produktivitas padi minimal sebesar 5.42 ton/Ha, peningkatan rendemen beras minimal 70%. Penurunan konsumsi beras perkapita menjadi 85 Kg/Ha dan kenaikan diversifikasi pangan lokal sebesar sebesar 34%, Perluasan lahan sawah dengan percetakan sawah baru minimal 2000 Ha dapat meminimalisir terjadinya konversi lahan yang terus berlanjut. Berdasarkan skenario tersebut yang paling berpengaruh terhadap ketersediaan beras di Indonesia adalah perluasan lahan/ekstensifikasi dan penurunan konsumsi.
       
      The demand for rice continues to increase but it is not accompanied by the quantity supplied. The need for rice is influenced by population and per capita consumption levels. The population tends to increase and the level of rice consumption in Indonesia is relatively high. Apart from that, another problem with the rice supply is the reduction in rice fields due to land conversion and reduced rice productivity due to genetics, the environment, and technology. Genetic (swamp rice, upland rice, or lowland rice). Environment (climatic climate; elnino and lanina, edaphic soil, biotic microorganisms). Technology (Availability of seeds, quality fertilizer, and supply chain that is not smooth). This could threaten food independence. This research aims to develop and analyze the availability of rice and formulate policy strategies that can be recommended for achieving food independence in Indonesia. This research method uses a dynamic systems approach assisted by the Powersim 10 and Vensim PLE analysis tools. The model performance validation test was carried out using the AME TEST and structural validation by conducting a Focus Group Discussion with rice experts. Model validation was carried out in 2018-2022. The results of the model performance validation test were <5%, so it was exact, and the simulation could be continued. The model simulates until 2045 (as the world's food basket). Based on simulation results without a scenario or basis, rice availability in 2045 is adverse. In this way, a policy scenario simulation is carried out. The simulation results after the scenario state that rice availability conditions until 2045 will experience a surplus of 4.15 million tons. In this way, the best scenario is obtained. However, the availability target set by the government still needs to be achieved. Therefore, appropriate policies are required to accomplish this. The policy scenario that can increase the availability of rice in Indonesia is an increase in rice productivity of at least 5.42 tons/ha and an increase in rice yield of at least 70%. Reducing per capita rice consumption to 85 Kg/Ha and increasing local food diversification by 34%. Expanding rice fields by printing new rice fields of at least 2000 Ha can minimize ongoing land conversion. From this scenario, the most influential impacts on rice availability in Indonesia are land expansion/extensification and decreased consumption
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/156399
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      • MT - Economic and Management [3203]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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