Karakterisasi Galur Dihaploid Terung (Solanum melongena L.) Hasil Kultur Antera

Abstract

Pendekatan teknologi dihaploid (doubled haploid/DH) melalui kultur antera berhasil mempersingkat perolehan galur homozigot terhadap komoditas terung (Solanum melongena L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi galur-galur dihaploid terung hasil kultur antera yang berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai tetua persilangan hibrida. Penelitian ini mengkarakterisasi 11 galur dihaploid terung dan 3 varietas cek. Pengamatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif dilakukan menggunakan Panduan Pengujian Individu oleh PPVT 2007. Pengolahan data kuantitatif menggunakan analisis ragam dan jika signifikan dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey BNJ a 5%. Data kualitatif dijelaskan secara deskriptif. Analisis gerombol mengelompokkan genotipe-genotipe berdasarkan kemiripan karakter melalui dendrogram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotipe uji terung menunjukkan keragaman pada seluruh karakter kuantitatif selain umur akhir panen, serta keragaman karakter kualitatif yaitu tipe tumbuh, lekukan tepi helai daun, warna mahkota bunga, bentuk umum, warna kulit buah saat masak panen, kelengkungan, tambalan, rasio panjang banding diameter, dan bentuk ujung buah. Genotipe terung dikelompokkan menjadi empat gerombol. Pro-AM1, Pro-AM38, dan Hit-AM30 merupakan galur yang potensial sebagai tetua persilangan dengan karakter hasil yang baik.

The doubled haploid (DH) technology approach through anther culture succeeded in shortening the production of homozygous lines of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). This research aimed to identify doubled haploid lines of eggplant obtained from anther culture that have the potential to be developed as parents for hybrids. This study characterized 11 doubled haploid lines of eggplant and 3 check varieties. Quantitative and qualitative observations were carried out using Individual Test Guidelines by PPVT 2007. Quantitative data were analyzed using analysis of variance and if significant it was continued with Tukey’s HSD a 5%. Qualitative data were explained descriptively. Cluster analysis grouped the tested genotypes based on character similarities through a dendrogram. The result of the research showed that doubled haploid eggplant lines varied in all quantitative characters except the end of harvest age, as well as qualitative characteristics namely growth type, curve of leaf edge, color of flower corolla, general shape, color of fruit skin when ripe for harvest, curvature, patch, length to diameter ratio, and fruit tip shape. Eggplant genotypes are divided into four clusters. Pro-AM1, Pro-AM38, dan Hit- AM30 are potential lines as parents for hybrids with good yield characters.