Tinggi Muka Air Gambut, Dinamika Hara dan Status Hara Daun di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Abstract

Indonesia merupakan penghasil minyak sawit terbesar di dunia, dimana Provinsi Riau, khususnya Kabupaten Siak, menjadi kontributor utama. Penelitian dilakukan pada perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kabupaten Siak yang memiliki iklim hutan hujan tropis dengan kelembaban tinggi. Jenis tanah di daerah ini merupakan lahan gambut dengan kematangan hemik. Curah hujan mempengaruhi tinggi muka air dan volume air gambut, dimana akan mempengaruhi dinamika hara daun dan gambut, sehingga mempengaruhi perkembangan vegetatif dan produksi tanaman. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh tinggi muka air, dilakukan penelitian pada lokasi gambut dengan rancangan percobaan purposive sampling, dengan 3 blok ulangan, dimana setiap blok terdiri dari 5 plot, dengan 6 sampel tanaman di setiap plot. Penelitian dimulai dari Februari 2023 - Maret 2024. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interval tinggi muka air 40 - 50 cm dan volume air 70 - 85 ml 100 ml-1 merupakan yang optimum dalam penyerapan hara daun P, K, Cu, Zn, dan B, dan kadar klorofil daun. Kadar klorofil daun pada interval 0,040 - 0,045 mg cm-2 merupakan yang optimum dalam penyerapan hara daun P, K, Cu, Zn, dan B, serta bobot tandan, sedangkan bobot kering daun dipengaruhi oleh kadar hara daun Cu, Zn, dan B pada interval yang optimum. Metode diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) merupakan alternatif dalam menghitung kadar hara daun yang mendekati standar hara daun.

Indonesia is the largest producer of palm oil in the world, where Riau Province, especially Siak Regency, is the main contributor. The research was conducted on oil palm plantations in Siak Regency which has a tropical rainforest climate with high humidity. The soil type in this area is peatland with hemic maturity. Rainfall affects the water level and volume of peat water, which will affect the nutrient dynamics of leaves and peat, thus affecting vegetative development and plant production. To determine the effect of water level height, a study was conducted on peat locations with a purposive sampling experiment design, with 3 replicate blocks, where each block consisted of 5 plots, with 6 plant samples in each plot. The research started from February 2023 - March 2024. The results showed that the water table interval of 40 - 50 cm and water volume of 70 - 85 ml 100 ml-1 were optimal in the absorption of leaf nutrients P, K, Cu, Zn, and B, and leaf chlorophyll levels. The level of leaf chlorophyll at the interval of 0,040 - 0,045 mg cm-2 was optimal in the absorption of leaf nutrients P, K, Cu, Zn, and B, as well as the weight of the bunch, while the dry weight of the leaves was affected by the nutrient levels of Cu, Zn, and B at the optimal interval. The diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) method is an alternative in calculating leaf nutrient levels that are close to the leaf nutrient standard.