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      Keragaan Galur-galur Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) di Agroekosistem Dataran Rendah Tropika

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      Date
      2024
      Author
      Tampubolon, Cristian Nico Geraldo
      Kusumo, Yudiwanti Wahyu Endro
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      Abstract
      Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) merupakan bahan pokok produksi karbohidrat yang cocok sebagai pengganti beras di Indonesia karena gandum memiliki keunggulan dibandingkan dengan makanan lain, yaitu kandungan protein gandum lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan padi dan jagung. Penanaman gandum di daerah dataran rendah kurang menguntungkan karena menurunkan potensi pertumbuhan dan daya hasil gandum tersebut. Pemuliaan gandum terus berkembang hingga saat ini untuk mencapai tujuan produksi gandum dengan hasil maksimal dan berkelanjutan di Indonesia. Penelitian bertujuan memperoleh informasi keragaan galur-galur gandum di agroekosistem dataran rendah tropika. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai Juni 2024 di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo IPB dan Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura. Penelitian menguji 14 genotipe gandum (10 galur uji dan 4 varietas pembanding yaitu Dewata, Guri-5, Guri-6, dan Selayar). Penelitian menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) faktor tunggal dengan tiga ulangan sehingga terdapat 42 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotipe gandum berpengaruh nyata terhadap karakter luas daun bendera, umur berbunga, dan umur panen. Genotipe CBF7-63 memiliki luas daun bendera yang lebih tinggi dari genotipe CBF6-8(4) dan CBF7-115, sedangkan luas daun bendera galur-galur uji tidak berbeda nyata dengan varietas pembanding Selayar. Genotipe CBF7-63 memiliki umur berbunga yang berbeda nyata lebih lama dibandingkan dengan genotipe CBF6-8(4) dan pembanding Selayar. Umur panen pada galur uji dan pembanding tidak memiliki perbedaan yang nyata.
       
      Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the main ingredient for carbohydrate, and it is suitable for rice substitute in Indonesia because it has advantages over other foods for its higher protein content than rice and corn. Planting wheat in lowland areas is less desirable because it reduces the growth and yield potential. Wheat breeding has been continuously developing up to this day to achieve the purpose of wheat production with maximum and sustainable yields in Indonesia. Research aims to obtain information on the performance of wheat lines in tropical lowland agroecosystems. The research was conducted on February to June 2024 at the Leuwikopo IPB Experimental Field and the Plant Breeding Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture. Research evaluated 14 wheat genotypes (10 test lines and 4 comparison varieties, namely Dewata, Guri-5, Guri-6, and Selayar). Study used a single factor randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, so there were 42 experimental units. The results showed that wheat genotype had a significant difference on flag leaf area, flowering time, and harvest time. The CBF7-63 genotype had a higher flag leaf area than the CBF6-8(4) and CBF7-115 genotypes, while the flag leaf area of the test lines was not significantly different from the comparison variety, Selayar. The CBF7-63 genotype has a significantly longer flowering period compared to the CBF6-8(4) genotype and the Selayar comparison. The harvest age of the evaluated lines and comparison varieties did not have a significant difference.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/155250
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