Evaluasi Kadar Ambien Logam Berat Nikel (Ni) dau Timbal (Pb) dalam Tauah sebagai Dasar Penyempurnaau Kriteria Baku Mutu Tauah di Indonesia
Abstract
"Peraturan Pemerintah" No. 150 in Years 2000 about Soil Degradation Control for Biomass Production does not include the criteria of soil degradation caused by heavy metals contamination. It was probably due to the lack of data of heavy metals background concentration in Indonesian soils. Such criteria are already available and used in some developed countries, but they could not be directly adopted in Indonesia, since Indonesian soils have different type of parent material and processes. The aim of this research is to measure and evaluate Ni and Pb metal ambient content in soils of different parent materials including soils derived ii-om andesiticroasaltic igneous rock, clay and sand sediments, and volcanic tuff in Indonesia. The total and the bioavailable fraction contents of Ni and Pb in some soil samples of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm depth from West Java, Banten and Lampung have been measured as well as the composition of clay minerals and sand fraction minerals, texture, pH, organic matter content, bases and CEC. The result showed that the highest Ni total content was found in the soils from andesitic/basaltic igneous rock, mean while the highest Pb total content found in the soils from granitic igneous rock. The range of total Ni in the soils from andesitic/basaltic igneous rock at 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm depth are 14.95-30.48 mg/kg and 17.01-32.49 mg/kg, and the range of Pb in these soils are 32.66-34.44 mg/kg and 31.42-37.96 mg/kg. The range of total Ni in the soils from granitic igneons rock are 0.90-10.06 mg/kg and 0.91-11.09 mg/kg, and the range of total Pb in these soils are 57.39-62.86 mg/kg and 67.60-76.66 mg/kg. The highest Ni available content was found in the soils from sand sediment and the highest Pb available content found in the soils from granitic igneous rock. The range of available Ni in the soils from granitic igneous rock at 0-30 em and 30-60 cm depth are 0.08-1.07 mg/kg and 0.05-0.69 mg/kg, and the range of available Pb in these soils are 6.81-14.60 mg/kg and 9.70-14.05 mg/kg. The range of available Ni in the soils from sand sediment are 1.38 mg/kg and 2.18 mg/kg, and the range of available Pb in these soils are 3.16 mg/kg and 3.4 7 mg/kg. In general, total contents of Ni and Pb in the soils did not reflect high Ni and Pb available content, since the availability was influenced by soil properties such as CEC, organic matter content, pH, clay content and clay mineral type. However, specific correlation of Ni and Pb available contents in soil from each the parent material type with these soil properties could not be traced yet.