Pengamatan Genetik Eksternal Warna Bulu dan Shank serta Bentuk Jengger Ayam Kampung

Abstract

Ayam kampung (Gallus gallus domesticus) merupakan ayam asli Indonesia yang pada saat ini telah tercemar dengan gen ayam ras unggul Eropa terutama ayam yang dipelihara secara ekstensif tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghitung keaslian ayam kampung di berbagai wilayah kecamatan di Kabupaten Kulon Progo dan Kabupaten Bogor. Karakteristik genetik eksternal yang diamati adalah warna bulu, pola bulu, corak bulu, kilau bulu, warna shank, dan bentuk jengger. Karakteristik tersebut dianalisis menggunakan analisis frekuensi gen dominan dan resesif otosomal, analisis frekuensi gen alel ganda, analisis frekuensi gen dominan dan resesif tertaut seks, analisis frekuensi kandungan gen ayam kampung asli Indonesia, dan analisis frekuensi gen asli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ayam kampung di Kecamatan Galur, Kecamatan Panjatan, Kecamatan Megamendung, dan Kecamatan Cibungbulang memiliki tingkat keaslian kurang dari 50%. Ayam kampung di Kecamatan Cibungbulang memiliki tingkat keaslian paling rendah, sedangkan ayam kampung di Kecamatan Panjatan memiliki tingkat keaslian paling tinggi pada penelitian ini.

Kampong chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is an indigenous Indonesian chicken that is currently contaminated with genes of European superior breeds of chickens, especially chickens that are reared extensively traditionally. This study aims to quantify the authenticity of native chickens in various districts in Kulon Progo Regency and Bogor Regency. The external genetic characteristics observed were feather color, feather pattern, feather pattern, feather luster, shank color, and cockscomb shape. These characteristics were analyzed using autosomal dominant and recessive gene frequency analysis, double allele gene frequency analysis, sex-linked dominant and recessive gene frequency analysis, gene content frequency analysis of Indonesian native chickens, and native gene frequency analysis. The results showed that native chickens in Galur Subdistrict, Panjatan Subdistrict, Megamendung Subdistrict, and Cibungbulang Subdistrict had an authenticity level of less than 50%. The native chicken in Cibungbulang subdistrict has the lowest level of authenticity, while the native chicken in Panjatan subdistrict has the highest level of authenticity in this study.