Keragaman Jenis dan Dampak Kehadiran Ficus (Moraceae) di Kebun Raya Bogor
Abstract
Ficus sebagian besar ditemukan di wilayah Indo-Malaya. Di Indonesia, persebaran Ficus hampir merata di tiap pulaunya. Kebun Raya Bogor sebagai kawasan konservasi eksitu memiliki banyak koleksi Ficus, kehadiran hemiepifit Ficus non koleksi dapat menimbulkan dampak yang serius bagi Kebun Raya Bogor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi keragaman jenis Ficus serta menapis Ficus non koleksi yang dapat direkomendasikan sebagai koleksi spontan di Kebun Raya Bogor. Data yang digunakan berupa data pengamatan langsung di lapangan menggunakan metode jelajah, dilanjutkan dengan identifikasi tumbuhan, dan analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, sebanyak 45 jenis Ficus dijumpai di Kebun Raya Bogor yang terdiri dari 36 jenis Ficus koleksi dan 23 jenis Ficus non koleksi. Habitus yang teramati sebanyak 63% berhabitus pohon, 18% hemiepifit, 7% semak, 7% pemanjat, dan 5% perdu. Ficus non koleksi di Kebun Raya Bogor dapat menempel, merusak, bahkan mematikan substrat maupun pohon inang yang ditumpanginya. Walaupun demikian, Ficus non koleksi juga memiliki dampak positif yaitu dapat menambah keragaman jenis Ficus yang terdapat di Kebun Raya Bogor. Jenis Ficus non koleksi yang berpotensi dijadikan sebagai tanaman koleksi spontan direkomendasikan sebanyak 17 jenis. Ficus is mainly found in the Indo-Malayan region. In Indonesia, Ficus is almost evenly distributed throughout the islands. Bogor Botanic Gardens as an ex-situ conservation area has a large Ficus collection. However, non-collection hemiepiphytic Ficus can have severe impacts on Bogor Botanic Gardens. This research aims to inventory the diversity of Ficus and sort non-collection Ficus that can be recommended as spontaneous collection in Bogor Botanic Gardens. The data used consisted of direct field observations using the exploration method, followed by plant identification, and data analysis. The results showed that a total of 45 species of Ficus were found in Bogor Botanic Gardens, consisting of 36 species of Ficus collection, and 23 species of non-collection Ficus. The observed habitus included 63% trees, 18% hemiepiphytes, 7% shrubs, 7% climbers, and 5% bushes. Non-collection Ficus in Bogor Botanic Gardens can adhere to, damage, or even kill the substrates or host trees they inhabit. Nevertheless, non-collection of Ficus also has a positive impact by increasing the diversity of Ficus in Bogor Botanic Gardens. Seventeen non-collection Ficus species are recommended as potential spontaneous collection plants.
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