Rancang Bangun Sistem Biokonversi Limbah Baglog Menggunakan Larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF) dan Kotoran Kambing

Abstract

Permasalahan timbulan sampah merupakan permasalahan dunia yang memerlukan penyelesaian yang tepat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang dan membangun fasilitas biokonversi limbah baglog, mengevaluasi karakteristik proses dan kualitas hasil biokonversi, serta memanfaatkan kompos sebagai media tanam dan sumber nutrisi untuk tanaman. Penelitian ini menerapkan empat perlakuan, yaitu P1 (larva dari 10 g telur BSF + 5 kg limbah baglog + 5 kg limbah pangan); P2 (larva dari 10 g telur BSF + 2,5 kg limbah baglog + 5 kg limbah pangan); P3 (5 kg limbah baglog + 5 kg kotoran kambing); dan P4 (2,5 kg limbah baglog + 5 kg kotoran kambing). Penelitian ini meliputi observasi proses biokonversi, penilaian kualitas kompos, dan evaluasi penggunaan kompos sebagai media dan sumber nutrisi pada tanaman pakchoy (Brassica rapa var. chinensis). Perlakuan P2 mempunyai persentase pengurangan sampah tertinggi yaitu sebesar 54,48% (D = 54,48%; WRI = 2,59%/hari). Teknik Flooding larva BSF menunjukkan efektivitas tertinggi dalam menurunkan indeks populasi lalat di seluruh perlakuan. Sedangkan penambahan kotoran kambing menghasilkan skala hedonisme kebauan yang paling rendah pada perlakuan P4 (-0,2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas kompos yang dihasilkan seluruh perlakuan telah memenuhi SNI untuk kandungan nitrogen (N), fosfor (P), kalium (K), dan kalsium (Ca). Pakchoy yang ditanam dengan kompos P2 mempunyai nilai tertinggi pada tinggi tanaman (16,3 cm), jumlah daun (13 helai daun), dan berat basah (187,7 g). Kompos yang dihasilkan dari perlakuan P2 menunjukkan sifat pertumbuhan yang paling menguntungkan untuk tanaman pakchoy.

The issue of waste generation is a worldwide concern that requires appropriate resolution. The objective of this study was to develop and construct facilities for the bioconversion of baglog waste, evaluate the process characteristics and quality of the bioconversion results, and utilize compost as a growing medium and nutrient source for plant cultivation. There were four treatments applied in this study i.e., P1 (BSF larvae from 10 g BSF eggs + 5 kg baglog waste + 5 kg food waste); P2 (BSF larvae from 10 g BSF eggs + 2.5 kg baglog waste + 5 kg food waste); P3 (5 kg baglog waste + 5 kg goat manure); and P4 (2.5 baglog waste + 5 kg goat manure). The study involved the observation of the bioconversion process, the assessment of compost quality, and the evaluation of compost application as a media and nutrient source for cultivating Bok choy (Brassica rapa var. chinensis). Treatment P2 had the highest percentage of waste reduction, with a value of 54.48% (D = 54.48%; WRI = 2.59%/day). The results of the fly population index demonstrated that the BSF larvae flooding technique exhibited the highest efficacy in reducing the fly population index across all treatments. When goat manure was used in treatment P4 (-0.2), the odor hedonic scores were the lowest. The study findings indicate that the compost quality produced by all treatments adhered to the Indonesian National Standard for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) content. Bok choy cultivated with compost treatment P2 exhibited the greatest values for plant height (16.3 cm), leaf count (13 leaves), and wet weight (187.7 g). The compost generated after treatment P2 exhibited the most favorable growth characteristics for the cultivation of bok choy.