Evaluasi Karakter Vegetatif Stek Pucuk Berbagai Genotipe Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)

Abstract

Tanaman hias marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman hias yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia karena memiliki beragam manfaat. Pada tanaman marigold diketahui terdapat mutan steril jantan yang memiliki bunga dominan ray flower sehingga sulit untuk didapatkan biji yang fertil. Penelitian oleh tim peneliti IPB telah menghasilkan beberapa genotipe yang memiliki bunga dominan ray flower sehingga perbanyakan secara vegetatif perlu dipelajari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi karakter vegetatif beberapa genotipe tanaman marigold hasil rakitan peneliti IPB untuk mendapatkan genotipe yang potensial untuk diperbanyak melalui stek pucuk. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Green House Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo IPB pada bulan April – Agustus 2021. Rancangan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) faktor tunggal dengan 38 genotipe uji serta uji lanjut Tukey pada taraf a 5%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, beberapa genotipe menujukkan respon yang baik terhadap perlakuan induksi akar menggunakan NAA dan Vitamin B1 (thiamin). Analisis ragam yang dilakukan pada karakter pengamatan tinggi tanaman, diameter batang dan jumlah cabang memberikan nilai F value yang lebih besar dibanding F tabel sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa genotipe berpengaruh nyata pada ketiga karakter vegetatif yang diamati. Pada pengamatan tinggi tanaman, genotipe PM MV3 0.5 C 21.2.11, 8 S2, dan X MV3 40.36.37.1 memberikan hasil yang berbeda nyata. Pada pengamatan diameter batang, terdapat 16 genotipe yang memberikan hasil berbeda nyata yaitu genotipe PM MV3 0.5 C 21.1.12, PM MV3 0.5 C 21.2.11, PM MV3 20.23.2.21, 5 S2, V MV3 30, 13 S2, PM S MV3 0.5 C, MR MV2 50.13.4, 12 S2, V MV3 30.3.37, 10 S2, PM MV3 40.5.2.2, MR MV3 30.6.2.8, 9 S2, 8 S2, dan X MV3 40.36.37.1. Pada karakter jumlah cabang, genotipe PM MV3 0.5 C 21.1.12 dan X MV3 40.36.37.1 memberikan hasil yang berbeda nyata.

The ornamental plant, marigold (Tagetes erecta L.), is one of the widely cultivated ornamental plants in Indonesia due to its various benefits. In marigold plants, it is known that there are male sterile mutants with dominant ray flowers, making it difficult to obtain fertile seeds. Research conducted by the IPB research team has produced several genotypes with dominant ray flowers, thus vegetative propagation needs to be studied. This study aims to evaluate the vegetative characteristics of several genotypes of marigold plants resulting from IPB researchers' breeding to identify genotypes with potential for propagation through stem cuttings. The research was conducted at the Green House of Kebun Percobaan IPB Leuwikopo from April to August 2021. The design used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor with 38 test genotypes and Tukey's advanced test at a 5% level. Based on the research results, several genotypes showed good responses to root induction treatments using NAA and Vitamin B1 (thiamine). Analysis of variance performed on plant height, stem diameter, and number of branches provided F values greater than the F table, indicating that genotypes significantly influenced the three observed vegetative characters. In plant height observation, genotypes PM MV3 0.5 C 21.2.11, 8 S2, and X MV3 40.36.37.1 showed significantly different results. In stem diameter observation, there were 16 genotypes that showed significantly different results, namely PM MV3 0.5 C 21.1.12, PM MV3 0.5 C 21.2.11, PM MV3 20.23.2.21, 5 S2, V MV3 30, 13 S2, PM S MV3 0.5 C, MR MV2 50.13.4, 12 S2, V MV3 30.3.37, 10 S2, PM MV3 40.5.2.2, MR MV3 30.6.2.8, 9 S2, 8 S2, and X MV3 40.36.37.1. Meanwhile, in the number of branch character, genotypes PM MV3 0.5 C 21.1.12 and X MV3 40.36.37.1 showed significantly different results.