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      Analisis Inefisiensi dan Determinan Ekspor Sektor Manufaktur Indonesia ke Beberapa Negara ASEAN

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      Date
      2024
      Author
      Gunawan, Julius
      Hakim, Dedi Budiman
      Amaliah, Syarifah
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      Abstract
      Pertumbuhan ekonomi di wilayah ASEAN didorong oleh peran penting perdagangan internasional. Adanya Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) menandai babak baru yang meningkatkan daya saing dan pertumbuhan ekonomi di kawasan ASEAN. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan pangsa pasar ekspor manufaktur terbesar di kawasan ASEAN. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efisiensi ekspor dan determinan ekspor serta inefisiensi ekspor lima komoditas manufaktur Indonesia sebelum dan sesudah kesepakatan MEA. Metode yang digunakan penelitian ini adalah stochastic frontier gravity model dan data yang digunakan berupa data panel nilai ekspor Indonesia ke lima negara mitra dagang pada periode 2003-2022. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa GDP riil Indonesia dan jarak ekonomi memiliki pengaruh negatif yang signifikan terhadap ekspor manufaktur Indonesia, sementara GDP riil mitra memiliki pengaruh positif yang signifikan. Secara umum, variabel trade openness berdampak negatif dan signifikan terhadap inefisiensi ekspor manufaktur Indonesia, sementara dummy MEA berdampak positif dan signifikan. Selama periode penelitian, efisiensi ekspor manufaktur mengalami penurunan. Mitra dagang seperti Malaysia, Filipina, Thailand, dan Vietnam memiliki efisiensi di atas rata-rata ASEAN, sedangkan Singapura memiliki nilai efisiensi di bawah rata-rata ASEAN.
       
      The economic growth in the ASEAN region is driven by the crucial role of international trade. Establishing the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) marks a new phase that enhances competitiveness and economic growth in the ASEAN region. Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest market share for manufacturing exports in the ASEAN region. This research aims to analyze the export efficiency, determinants of exports, and export inefficiency of five major Indonesian manufacturing commodities before and after the AEC agreement. The research methodology employed a stochastic frontier gravity model, utilizing panel data of Indonesia's export values to five trading partner countries during the period of 2003-2022. The analysis results indicate that Indonesian’s real GDP and economic distance variable exhibit significant negative impacts on Indonesian manufacturing exports, while the real GDP of trading partners shows a significant positive impact. During the research period, the efficiency of manufacturing exports declined. Trading partners such as Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam exhibited efficiency above the ASEAN average, whereas Singapore had efficiency below the ASEAN average.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/154557
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      • UT - Economics and Development Studies [3214]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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