Studi Sistematika dan Bioprospeksi Beberapa Jamur Liar Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia memiliki kekayaan alam yang melimpah, termasuk jamur, tetapi sampai saat ini data mengenai jamur liar serta pemanfaatannya belum terdokumentasi dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan mengkarakterisasi jamur-jamur liar yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat lokal, menganalisis senyawanya, menganalisis gizinya, serta melihat kemampuan ekstrak dalam aktivitas terhadap bakteri. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan opportunistic sampling. Sampel dianalisis taksonominya dengan identifikasi morfologi dan analisis molekuler. Analisis senyawa menggunakan GC-MS, dan kandungan gizinya berdasarkan analisis proksimat. Aktivitas antibakteri dianalisis dengan metode disc diffusion pada bakteri EPEC (Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli) dan Propionibacterium acne. Sembilan spesies jamur telah teridentifikasi: Pleurotus giganteus, Hohenbuehelia sp., Lentinula sp., Crepidotus sp., Pluteus sp., Trametes sp., Auricularia delicata, Scleroderma capeverdeanum, dan Trichaleurina javanica, Sebagian besar merupakan laporan terbaru untuk Indonesia. Sebanyak 200 senyawa teridentifikasi dari ekstrak empat spesies jamur, termasuk asam lemak, sterol, terpenoid, asam karboksil, cycloparaffins, dan asam benzoate. Hohenbuehelia sp. memiliki kadar air dan karbohidrat tertinggi, Lentinula sp. memiliki kadar serat kasar tertinggi, Pleurotus giganteus memiliki kadar abu dan kadar lemak tertinggi, dan Scleroderma capeverdeanum memiliki kadar protein tertinggi. Ekstrak jamur memiliki kemampuan menghambat bakteri EPEC dan Propionibacterium acne. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi dasar tentang keanekaragaman jamur dan potensi senyawanya.

Indonesia has abundant natural resources, including mushrooms yet their data about utilization remain scarce. This study aims to identify and characterize wild mushrooms utilized by locals, analyze their compounds, evaluate their nutritional contents, and assess the antibacterial activity of their extracts. Specimens taken from opportunistic sampling were identified based on morphological and molecular approaches. Their compounds were analyzed using GC-MS method. The nutritional value is assessed based on proximate analysis. Antibacterial activity was proven by disk diffusion test against Propionibacterium acne and EPEC (Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli). Nine species were identified: Pleurotus giganteus, Hohenbuehelia sp., Lentinula sp., Crepidotus sp., Pluteus sp., Trametes sp., Auricularia delicata, Scleroderma capeverdeanum, and Trichaleurina javanica. Most of these are new records for Indonesia. A total of 200 compounds were identified from the extracts of four mushroom species, including fatty acids, sterols, terpenoids, carboxylic acids, cycloparaffins, and benzoate acids. Hohenbuehelia sp. had the highest water and carbohydrate content, Lentinula sp. had the highest crude fiber content, Pleurotus giganteus had the highest ash and fat content, and Scleroderma capeverdeanum had the highest protein content. The mushroom extracts have the ability to inhibit selected bacteria. The results of this study provide information on mushroom diversity and their bioprospect.