Kesehatan dan Perkecambahan Benih Nyamplung dan Kenari pada Berbagai Media

Abstract

Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) dan kenari (Canarium indicum L.) mempunyai banyak manfaat dan potensi (sejarah, ekonomi, energi, ekologi, sosial) sehingga perlu dilakukan perbanyakan tanaman untuk meningkatkan produktivitasnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kondisi fisik benih, kesehatan benih (hama dan penyakit terbawa benih), serta media perkecambahan optimal benih nyamplung dan kenari dengan perlakuan media tanah (kontrol), zeolit, cocopeat, serta campuran tanah dan pasir (1:1 v/v). Kondisi fisik benih nyamplung yang baik berbentuk bulat tebal dan keras, berwarna kuning gading, apabila ditekan tidak lunak, rata-rata beratnya 3 g, rata-rata tingginya 2,6 cm, dan rata-rata diameter 1,7 cm. Kondisi fisik benih kenari yang baik di antaranya berbentuk lonjong meruncing dengan cangkang yang sangat keras, berwarna cokelat muda, rata-rata beratnya 6,9 g, rata-rata tinggi dan diameternya berturutturut 3,7 cm dan 1,9 cm. Cendawan terbawa benih nyamplung adalah Rhizoctonia sp. dan Pythium sp., sedangkan pada benih kenari yaitu Collectotrichum sp.. Media perkecambahan terbaik bagi nyamplung yaitu zeolit, sedangkan media perkecambahan terbaik untuk benih kenari yaitu campuran tanah dan pasir (1:1 v/v).

Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) and kenari (Canarium indicum L.) have many benefits and potentials (historical, economic, energy, ecological, social) so it is necessary to propagate plants to increase their productivity. This study aims to determine the physical condition of seeds, seed health (pests and diseases carried by seeds), and optimal germination media of nyamplung and kenari seeds with soil (control) media treatment, zeolite, cocopeat, soil and sand mixture (1:1 v/v). The good physical conditions of nyamplung seeds are thick and hard round shape, ivory yellow color, when pressed it is not soft, the average weight is 3 g, the average height is 2.6 cm, and the average diameter is 1.7 cm. The good physical conditions of kenari seeds are a tapered oval shape with a very hard shell, light brown in color, an average weight of 6.9 g, an average height and diameter of 3.7 cm and 1.9 cm, respectively. The fungi carried by nyamplung seeds are Rhizoctonia sp. and Pythium sp., while in kenari seeds is Collectotrichum sp.. The best germination medium for nyamplung seeds is zeolite, while the best germination medium for kenari seeds is a mixture of soil and sand (1:1 v/v).