Dampak Bea Keluar terhadap Daya Saing Ekspor Crude Palm Oil (CPO) dan Refined Palm Oil (RPO) Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia tengah mengupayakan hilirisasi industri minyak sawit. Untuk menjaga ketersediaan bahan baku industri, pemerintah menetapkan bea keluar minyak sawit. Kebijakan ini berpotensi memberikan dampak negatif terhadap daya saing ekspornya. Bea keluar juga diduga memberikan efek yang berbeda terhadap daya saing produk mentah (CPO) dan produk olahan (RPO). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak bea keluar terhadap daya saing kedua jenis produk tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder berupa data ekspor dari situs UN Comtrade tahun 1989-2022. Metode analisis berupa Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) yang diperdalam dengan Constant Market Share (CMS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bea keluar berdampak pada melemahnya daya saing CPO maupun RPO Indonesia di pasar dunia. Pengenaan bea keluar dengan penambahan pungutan ekspor merupakan muatan kebijakan yang memiliki dampak paling signifikan terhadap menurunnya daya saing komoditas minyak sawit Indonesia di pasar dunia.

Indonesia is currently striving to develop downstream industries for palm oil. In order to maintain the availability of raw materials for the industry, the government has imposed an export duty on palm oil. This policy has the potential to have a negative impact on its export competitiveness. The export duty is also suspected to have different effects on the competitiveness of raw products (CPO) and processed products (RPO). This study aims to analyze the impact of the export duty on the competitiveness of these two types of products. The research uses secondary data from UN Comtrade's export data from 1989-2022. The analysis method used is Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) further deepened with Constant Market Share (CMS). The results of the study show that the export duty has an impact on weakening the competitiveness of both CPO and RPO from Indonesia in the global market. The imposition of the export duty with additional export levies is a policy burden that has the most significant impact on the declining competitiveness of Indonesian palm oil commodities in the global market.