Pengaruh Zat Pengatur Tumbuh dan Ukuran Eksplan pada Pembiakan In Vitro Tanaman Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.)

Abstract

Kunyit merupakan salah satu tanaman biofarmaka dengan kegunaan dan jumlah permintaan yang banyak di Indonesia. Peningkatan produksi rimpang kunyit melalui kultur jaringan memiliki beberapa keunggulan seperti potensi mendapat bibit yang sehat, hasil dalam jumlah yang banyak serta berkesinambungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) kinetin dan ukuran eksplan terbaik pada pembiakan in vitro tanaman kunyit. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari 2022 hingga April 2023 di Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler Tanaman 1, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi ZPT kinetin (0,5 ppm, 1 ppm, 1,5 ppm) + NAA 0,1 ppm dan faktor kedua adalah ukuran eksplan (besar dan kecil). Didapat 6 taraf perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 4 ulangan, dengan tiap satuan percobaan terdapat 3 eksplan yang ditanam masing-masing dalam 1 botol, sehingga didapat total 72 satuan pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ukuran eksplan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap panjang akar terpanjang dan keberhasilan aklimatisasi, serta interaksi konsentrasi ZPT dan ukuran eksplan berpengaruh nyata terhadap hari muncul akar.

Turmeric is a biopharmaceutical plant with many uses and demand in Indonesia. Increasing the production of turmeric rhizomes through tissue culture has several advantages, such as the potential to obtain healthy seeds, produce large quantities, and be sustainable. This research aims to obtain the best concentration of the plant growth regulator (PGR) kinetin and the explant size for in vitro breeding of turmeric plants. The research was conducted from January 2022 to April 2023 at the Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory 1, Agronomy and Horticulture Department, Agriculture Faculty, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor. The research used a completely randomized factorial design. The first factor is the concentration of kinetin PGR (0.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 1.5 ppm) + NAA 0.1 ppm; the second factor is the explant size (large and small). There were 6 treatment levels, which were repeated in 4 repetitions, with each experimental unit having 3 explants planted in 1 bottle each, so a total of 72 observation units were obtained. The results showed that explant size had a very significant effect on the longest root length and acclimatization success, and the interaction of PGR concentration and explant size had a significant effect on the days of root emergence.