Genetic diversity analisis on pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) by random amplified polymrphic dna (RAPD)

Abstract

Pineapple is belong to the Bromeliaceae, a large family of American tropics (only one species originated from Africa) which has 45 genera and 2 000 species. Out of six species of pineapple, Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. is the only species grown commercially for its fruit (Nakasone and Paull, 1998). To date, world cultivation just based on six cultivars, i.e., Cayenne, Queen, Singapore Spanish, Red Spanish, Abacaxi and Perolera, while the first three have been the genetic base of distribution from the original area. In Indonesia, cultivars that recommended by Department of Agriculture are only Queen (Bogor pineapple and Palembang pineapple) for fresh fruit and Cayenne (Smooth or Lisse) for processing uses and assumed to have low genetic variability. In this study, 17 accessions of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) were evaluated for their morphological performance and subjected to analysis of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Eight morphological characters of the accessions were measured to examine their morphological relationship. For RAPD analysis, thirteen primers of 10-mers were used to amplify the genomic DNA of the pineapple accessions. Out of them, three random primers yielded monomorphic products while the remaining amplified a total of 20 (87%) fragments, all of which were polymorphic, with an average of 1.77 fragments per primer. A dendogram based on UPGMA-link method and principal component analysis (PCA) plots were examined the clustering pattern and distribution of the accessions, both for morphological characters and amplification products. As the result, RAPD analysis showed higher coefficient of similarity between pineapple accessions tested rather than morphological's, which may indicate the high environmental influence on the morphological performance. This study was demonstrated that RAPD analysis was able to detect genetic similarity among accessions in one species, eventhough among all primers used, there was no single primer could distinguish between Queen and Smooth Cayenne group of pineapple tested. ...