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      Isolasi dan Penapisan Aktinobakteri Halotoleran Penghasil Polihidroksialkanoat dari Lingkungan Bersalinitas Tinggi

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      Date
      2024
      Author
      Noor, Muhammad Primadevan Pascaharchana
      Lestari, Yulin
      Rusmana, Iman
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      Abstract
      Plastik konvensional menjadi masalah lingkungan yang genting dihadapi oleh umat manusia akibat dari persistensinya di lingkungan hidup. Hal ini menyebabkan pencarian alternatif terhadap plastik tersebut menjadi sebuah urgensi. Salah satu alternatifnya yaitu polihidroksialkanoat (PHA), biopolimer termoplastik yang dapat disintesis oleh beragam jenis bakteri sebagai cadangan energi termasuk aktinobakteri yang merupakan salah satu filum terbesar di kelompok bakteri. Biaya produksi yang tinggi dari polihidroksialkanoat mengarahkan eksplorasi terhadap mikroorganisme halotoleran (ekstremofil) sebagai sumber produk. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi aktinobakteri halotoleran penghasil polihidroksialkanoat (PHA). Isolat-isolat yang digunakan diisolasi dari berbagai lingkungan bersalinitas tinggi di Indonesia. Setelah dimurnikan isolat-isolat yang didapatkan kemudian ditumbuhkan pada media induksi ISP9-I dan ditapis dengan menggunakan zat warna Sudan Black B dan Nile Red. Polimer yang diekstraksi dari isolat yang positif kemudian dikuantifikasi dan divalidasi menggunakan analisis gravimetrik dan uji asam krotonat. Analisis gravimetrik menunjukkan produktivitas PHA oleh isolat HVB mencapai 78,426%, sedangkan uji asam krotonat memvalidasi dan menunjukkan hasil 1,982% poli(3-hidroksibutirat) (P3HB) yang mengindikasikan tipe heteropolimer.
       
      Conventional plastics have become an urgent environmental problem for human due to their persistence in the environment. This issue has led to the exploration of alternatives. One of them is polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), a thermoplastic biopolymer synthesized by various bacteria as an internal energy storage compound, including actinobacteria, one of the largest Gram-positive bacteria phylum. However, the high production cost of PHA is a significant factor contributing to its non-competitiveness in the market. This has led to the exploration of halotolerant bacteria (extremophiles) as a potential producer of PHA. Therefore, this study aims to isolate indigenous PHA producer halotolerant actinobacteria. The actinobacteria used in this study were isolated from various high-salinity environments in Indonesia. After purification, isolates were cultured in ISP9-I broth media and screened by using Sudan Black B and Nile Red dyes. The extracted polymer from both positive screenings was then quantified and validated using gravimetric analysis and crotonic acid assay. The analysis showed PHA productivity by HVB can reach up to 78,426% of the dry cell weight, whereas the crotonic acid assay showed 1,982% of the extract is poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB), indicating that extracted the polymer is a heteropolymer.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/137387
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