Pengaruh Pemberian 6-Benzylaminopurine dan Indole Acetic Acid terhadap Pertumbuhan Tunas In Vitro Anthurium crystallinum Linden & André

Abstract

Anthurium crystallinum Linden & André atau dikenal dengan tanaman kuping gajah termasuk dalam golongan anthurium daun karena memiliki keindahan pada daunnya, dan memiliki nilai komersial di Indonesia maupun dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh BAP dan IAA serta interaksinya terhadap pertumbuhan tunas A. crystallinum Linden & André secara in vitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli sampai November 2023 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan 3, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) dua faktor. Faktor pertama yaitu sitokinin BAP (0; 0,5; 1; 1,5; dan 2 mg L-1). Faktor kedua yaitu auksin IAA (0; 0,25; dan 0,5 mg L-1). Terdapat 15 perlakuan dengan 5 ulangan. Setiap ulangan terdiri 2 botol kultur. Setiap botol berisi satu eksplan, sehingga diperoleh 150 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan IAA berpengaruh terhadap persentase eksplan berkalus. Perlakuan BAP secara tunggal berpengaruh pada persentase bertunas, rata-rata jumlah buku batang (nodus), rata-rata jumlah tunas aksilar, rata-rata jumlah daun, dan menghambat pertumbuhan akar. Konsentrasi BAP 1,5 mg L-1 mampu menghasilkan persentase bertunas 100%, jumlah rata-rata tunas dan daun per eksplan terbanyak. Interaksi IAA dan BAP berpengaruh terhadap persentase eksplan berkalus dan rata-rata jumlah buku tunas.

Anthurium crystallinum Linden & André or known as the kuping gajah’s plant is included in the leaf anthurium group because it has beautiful leaves and has commercial value in Indonesia and the world. This research aims to study the effect of BAP and IAA and their interactions on shoot growth of A. crystallinum Linden & André in vitro. The research was carried out from July to November 2023 at Tissue Culture Laboratory 3, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural Institute. This study used a two-factor Randomized Complete Group Design (RKLT). The first factor is cytokinin BAP (0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; and 2 mg L-1). The second factor is auxin IAA (0; 0.25; and 0.5 mg L-1). There were 15 treatments with 5 replications. Each replication consisted of 2 culture bottles. Each bottle contains one explant, so that 150 experimental units are obtained. The results showed that IAA treatment had effect on the percentage of callus explants. BAP single treatment had effect on the percentage of shoots, the average number of stem nodes (nodes), the average number of axillary shoots, the average number of leaves, and inhibited root growth. A BAP concentration of 1.5 mg L-1 was able to produce a germination percentage of 100%, the highest average number of shoots and leaves per explant. The interaction of IAA and BAP had effect on the percentage of callus explants and the average number of shoot nodes.