Kajian Environmental Service RTH Jalan terhadap Kenyamanan Termal pada Kawasan Street Canyon di Jl. MH Thamrin, Jakarta Pusat
Date
2023Author
Tarigan, Doksa
Nasrullah, Nizar
Sulistyantara, Bambang
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Street Canyon merupakan area jalan yang diapit oleh bangunan di kedua sisinya
sehingga menciptakan lingkungan seperti ngarai. Street canyon mempengaruhi
tingkat kenyamanan termal bagi pengguna jalan. Street canyon biasanya didominasi
oleh kepadatan bangunan dan minim vegetasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk
mengetahui pengaruh keberadaan RTH jalan terhadap kenyamanan termal
pengguna di Street Canyon, Jl. MH Thamrin Jakarta Pusat ditinjau dari suhu udara,
kelembapan udara, kecepatan angin, dan suhu permukaan. Lokasi dibedakan
menjadi dua segmen yaitu RTH lebat dan RTH non lebat. Penelitian ini
menggunakan metode deskriptif evaluatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, terdiri
dari 3 tahapan yaitu inventarisasi, analisis, dan sintesis. Atribut kenyamanan termal
yang diamati meliputi suhu udara, kecepatan angin, kelembapan udara, dan suhu
permukaan. Pengukuran dilakukan pada pagi, siang, dan sore selama 3 hari pada
saat kondisi cuaca yang mendukung. Analisis data meliputi analisis THI, analisis
NDVI dan analisis korelasi rank spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa
Street Canyon, Jl. MH Thamrin tidak memenuhi standar kenyamanan termal. Rata rata suhu udara di RTH lebat dan non lebat yakni 30,3°C dan 31,1°C. Suhu
permukaan di RTH lebat dan non lebat yaitu 29,1°C dan 31,9°C. Kelembapan udara
di RTH lebat dan non lebat ialah 62,7% dan 62,1%. Kecepatan angin di RTH lebat
dan non lebat yaitu 1,4m/s dan 1 m/s. Hasil THI pada segmen RTH lebat dan non
lebat didapatkan rata-rata 28 dan 28,8. Berdasarkan pengukuran, kenyamanan
termal di RTH non lebat lebih rendah dibandingkan RTH lebat. Menurut survey
persepsi pengguna, persepsi di RTH non lebat lebih tidak nyaman dibandingkan
RTH lebat. Selanjutnya, seluruh atribut kenyamanan termal yaitu suhu udara,
kelembapan udara, kecepatan angin, dan suhu permukaan saling berkorelasi dengan
persepsi pengguna. Semakin tinggi suhu udara maka persepsi kenyamanan termal
responden akan menurun (correlation coefficient -0,853). Suhu permukaan yang
meningkat juga akan menurunkan persepsi kenyamanan termal responden
(correlation coefficient -0,928). Meningkatnya kelembapan udara hingga batas
tertentu dapat berpengaruh baik bagi persepsi responden (correlation coefficient
0,911), sama halnya dengan kecepatan angin dan persepsi (correlation coefficient
0,893). Selain itu, setiap atribut iklim seperti suhu udara, kelembapan udara,
kecepatan angin, dan suhu permukaan yang dikorelasikan dengan persepsi
kenyamanan termal memiliki nilai sig. <0,05. Hal ini dapat diartikan, terdapat
korelasi yang signifikan antar variabel yang dihubungkan. Hal yang
direkomendasikan adalah mengkombinasikan pohon glodogan bulat (Polyalthia
fragrans Dalz.) dan ketapang kencana (Terminalia catappa L.) secara continue
berjejer, modifikasi halte bis dengan struktur pergola pada kanopi, merubah warna
material jalur pedestrian menjadi warna cerah serta pucuk merah (Syzygium oleana
L.) disamping kanan dan kiri bangku trotoar Street Canyon is a street area flanked by buildings on both sides, creating a canyon like environment. Street canyons affect the level of thermal comfort for road users.
Street canyon is usually dominated by building density and minimal vegetation.
This study aims to determine the effect of the presence of green spaces on the
thermal comfort of users in Street Canyon, Jl. MH Thamrin Central Jakarta in terms
of air temperature, air humidity, wind speed, and surface temperature. The location
is divided into two segments, namely dense green space and non-dense green space.
This research uses descriptive evaluative method with a quantitative approach,
consisting of 3 stages namely inventory, analysis, and synthesis. Thermal comfort
attributes observed include air temperature, wind speed, air humidity, and surface
temperature. Measurements were made in the morning, afternoon, and evening for
3 days during favorable weather conditions. Data analysis includes THI analysis,
NDVI analysis and spearman rank correlation analysis. The results showed that
Street Canyon, Jl. MH Thamrin does not meet thermal comfort standards. The
average air temperature in dense and non-dense green spaces is 30.3°C and 31.1°C.
Surface temperature in dense and non-dense green spaces is 29.1°C and 31.9°C. Air
humidity in dense and non-dense green spaces is 62.7% and 62.1%. Wind speed in
dense and non-dense green spaces is 1.4m/s and 1 m/s. THI results in dense and
non-dense green spaces segment obtained an average of 28 and 28.8. Based on
measurements, thermal comfort in non-dense green spaces is lower than dense
green spaces. According to user perception surveys, perceptions in non-dense green
spaces are more uncomfortable than dense green spaces. Furthermore, all thermal
comfort attributes namely air temperature, air humidity, wind speed, and surface
temperature are correlated with user perceptions. The higher the air temperature,
the perception of thermal comfort respondents will decrease (correlation coefficient
-0.853). Increased surface temperature will also reduce the perception of thermal
comfort of respondents (correlation coefficient -0.928). Increased air humidity to a
certain extent can have a good effect on the perception of respondents (correlation
coefficient 0.911), as well as wind speed and perception (correlation coefficient
0.893). In addition, each climate attribute such as air temperature, air humidity,
wind speed, and surface temperature correlated with the perception of thermal
comfort has a sig value. <0,05. This can be interpreted, there is a significant
correlation between the variables that are connected. The recommended thing is to
combine round Polyalthia fragrans Dalz. and Terminalia catappa L. in a
continuous row, modify bus stops with pergola structures on the canopy, change
the color of pedestrian path materials to bright colors and Syzygium oleana L. on
the right and left of the sidewalk bench.
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- MT - Agriculture [3683]