Struktur Komunitas Perifiton Sebagai Bioindikator Pencemaran Perairan di Sungai Cibareno, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Aktivitas antropogenik di sekitar Sungai Cibareno menyebabkan bertambahnya buangan limbah organik dan anorganik yang tersebar di sepanjang aliran sungai, sehingga kualitas perairan mengalami penurunan. Pemantauan kualitas air dapat dilakukan menggunakan indikator biologi seperti perifiton. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi perairan Sungai Cibareno berdasarkan struktur komunitas perifiton. Metode penentuan lokasi pengamatan yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Pengambilan contoh air dan perifiton dilakukan di enam stasiun dan setiap stasiun dilakukan tiga kali pengulangan. Identifikasi dan klasifikasi perifiton dilakukan berdasarkan genus. Parameter kualitas air yang dianalisis meliputi parameter fisika kimia. Analisis penentuan kualitas perairan menggunakan indeks saprobik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan struktur komunitas perifiton di perairan tersebut terdiri dari empat kelas. Jumlah jenis dan kelimpahan perifiton didominasi oleh Bacillariophyceae dari genus Navicula dan Nitzschia. Keanekaragaman perifiton di Sungai Cibareno tergolong sedang dan komunitas stabil. Model persamaan regresi linier yang didapatkan menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif antara parameter kecerahan dan Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN) terhadap kelimpahan total perifiton. Nilai saprobik berkisar 0,63­1,10 (β Meso/oligosaprobik) yang menunjukkan bahwa sungai telah tercemar ringan oleh bahan organik dan anorganik.

Anthropogenic activities around the Cibareno River cause an increase in the discharge of organic and inorganic waste scattered along the river flow, so that the quality of the waters has decreased. Water quality monitoring can be carried out using biological indicators such as perifiton. This study aims to analyze the condition of the waters of the Cibareno River based on the structure of the perifiton community. The method of determining the observation location used is purposive sampling. Water and perifiton sampling was carried out at six stations and each station was carried out three repetitions. Identification and classification of periphytons is carried out by genus. The analyzed water quality parameters include chemical physics parameters. Analysis of water quality determination using saprobic index. The results of the analysis showed that the structure of periphyton communities in these waters consisted of four classes. The number of species and abundance of periphytons is dominated by Bacillariophyceae of the genera Navicula and Nitzschia. The periphyton diversity in the Cibareno River is moderate and the community is stable. The linear regression equation model obtained shows a positive relationship between the brightness parameter and Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN) to the total abundance of perifiton. The saprobic value ranges from 0.631.10 (β Meso/oligosaprobic) which indicates that the river has been lightly polluted by organic and anorganic matter.