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      Identification and Nucleotide Sequence Variation of Begomovirus Causing Yellow Mosaic Disease on Several Crops

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      Date
      2023-12-20
      Author
      Hanifa, Ledia
      Hidayat, Sri Hendrastuti
      Nurulita, Sari
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      Abstract
      Begomovirus is one of genera in the family Geminiviridae that has been reported globally to cause significant yield losses on crops production. Its infection causess typical symptoms, such as curling, yellow mosaic, and yellowing on the leaf. In Indonesia, yellow mosaic diseases associated with various Begomoviruses have been reported on chili pepper, yard long bean, cucumber and eggplant. Therefore, the aims of this study are (i) to detect Begomoviruses infecting chili pepper, yard long bean, cucumber, and eggplant and (ii) to analyze their genetic variation to determine the dynamics of Begomovirus development in Indonesia in the last ten years. Leaf samples were collected from infected plants (chili pepper, yard long bean, cucumber, and eggplant) in Bogor (West Java) and Brebes (Central Java). In addition, Begomovirus nucleic acid from the collection of Plant Virology Laboratory were used as comparison. These samples were isolated ten years ago from Bogor (West Java) and Magelang, Klaten, and Brebes (Central Java). Begomovirus detection was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method using a universal primer pair (SPG1/SPG2) followed by nucleotide sequence analysis. DNA samples were successfully amplified from both field and laboratory samples. Three Begomovirus species were identified, i.e., Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PYLCIV) on chili pepper, Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) on yard long bean and Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) on cucumber and eggplant. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that all samples from the field and laboratory were grouped in one cluster. However, nucleotide base differences were found in each Begomovirus species. This finding indicates a change in the nucleotide sequence of the virus over a period of time.
       
      Begomovirus adalah salah satu genera dalam famili Geminiviridae yang telah dilaporkan secara global dapat menyebabkan kehilangan hasil yang nyata pada produksi tanaman. Gejala infeksi Begomovirus umumnya menimbulkan gejala khas, seperti keriting, mosaik kuning, dan daun menguning. Di Indonesia, penyakit mosaik kuning yang diasosiasikan dengan berbagai Begomovirus telah dilaporkan terjadi pada tanaman cabai, kacang panjang, mentimun, dan terung. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (i) mendeteksi Begomovirus yang menginfeksi tanaman cabai, kacang panjang, mentimun, dan terung, dan (ii) menganalisis variasi genetiknya untuk mengetahui dinamika perkembangan Begomovirus di Indonesia dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir. Sampel daun dikumpulkan dari tanaman yang terinfeksi (cabai, kacang panjang, mentimun, dan terung) di Bogor (Jawa Barat) dan Brebes (Jawa Tengah). Selain itu, sampel asam nukleat Begomovirus dari koleksi Laboratorium Virologi Tumbuhan digunakan sebagai pembanding. Sampel tersebut diisolasi sepuluh tahun yang lalu dari tanaman cabai, kacang panjang, mentimun, dan terung dari beberapa lokasi. Deteksi Begomovirus dilakukan dengan metode polymerase chain reaction (PCR) menggunakan pasangan primer universal (SPG1/SPG2) yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis sekuen nukleotida. Sampel DNA berhasil diamplifikasi dari sampel lapangan dan laboratorium. Tiga spesies Begomovirus berhasil diidentifikasi, yaitu Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PYLCIV) pada cabai, Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) pada kacang panjang, dan Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) pada mentimun dan terung. Analisis pohon filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa semua sampel dari lapangan dan laboratorium mengelompok dalam satu klaster. Namun, perbedaan basa nukleotida ditemukan pada setiap spesies Begomovirus. Temuan ini mengindikasikan adanya perubahan sikuen nukleotida virus dalam kurun waktu tertentu.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/133297
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