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      Perbandingan Sifat-sifat Fisika dan Kimia Zeoponik dengan Media Tumbuh Tanaman Komersial untuk Tanaman Hortikultura

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      Date
      2023
      Author
      Hidayat, Miftakhul
      Suwardi
      Suryaningtyas, Dyah Tjahyandari
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      Abstract
      Budi daya tanaman hortikultura pada polybag memerlukan media tumbuh tanaman (MTT) yang memiliki sifat-sifat fisika dan kimia yang baik, disesuaikan dengan karakteristik tanaman. Permasalahan MTT yaitu rendahnya daya sangga terhadap daya hantar listrik (DHL) yang berdampak pada tingginya nilai DHL setelah ditambahkan pupuk, sehingga perlu dikendalikan dengan meningkatkan kapasitas tukar kation (KTK) MTT menggunakan bahan yang memiliki KTK yang tinggi. Zeolit memiliki nilai KTK yang tinggi, sehingga memungkinkan sebagai bahan MTT. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis sifat-sifat fisika dan kimia MTT zeoponik dengan MTT komersial serta menguji pengaruh jenis MTT dan dosis pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi kangkung darat dan pakcoy. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan dua faktor yaitu jenis MTT (A, B, C, D, Z1, dan Z5) dan dosis pupuk NPK (1 g/liter dan 1,5 g/liter). Parameter sifat-sifat fisika dan kimia MTT seperti bobot isi, kadar air kapasitas lapang, pH, DHL, C-organik, Ntersedia, P-tersedia, KTK, kejenuhan basa (KB), basa-basa dapat dipertukarkan (K, Na, Ca, dan Mg), dan unsur hara mikro (Fe, Cu, Zn, dan Mn) dianalisis untuk melihat pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi kangkung darat umur 21 hari setelah tanam (HST) dan pakcoy 28 HST. Hasil didapatkan bahwa sifat fisika MTT zeoponik dan komersial memiliki bobot isi rendah dan kadar air kapasitas lapang yang tinggi. Sifat kimia MTT zeoponik memiliki pH netral, DHL sesuai untuk pertumbuhan tanaman, kadar C-organik cenderung rendah sejalan dengan kadar unsur hara mikro, KTK tertinggi yaitu 81,21 dan 83,14 cmol(+)/kg, kadar amonium (N-NH4), nitrat (N-NO3), P-P2O5, dan K yang cenderung tinggi namun DHL-nya tetap rendah, sedangkan tingginya kadar unsur-unsur hara tersebut pada MTT komersial diikuti dengan tingginya DHL. MTT zeoponik dan komersial memiliki % KB tinggi dan didominasi kation Ca. Jenis MTT zeoponik Z5 nyata menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan produksi kangkung darat dan pakcoy terbaik. Dosis pupuk NPK 1,5 g/liter cenderung menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan produksi kangkung darat dan pakcoy terbaik.
       
      Cultivation of horticultural crops in polybags requires plant growth media (PGM) that has good physical and chemical properties, adjusted to the characteristics of the plant. The problem of PGM is the low buffer capacity of electrical conductivity (EC) which has an impact on the high value of EC after adding fertilizer, so it needs to be controlled by increasing the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of PGM using materials that have high CEC. Zeolite has a high CEC value, making it possible as an PGM material. This study aims to analyze the physical and chemical properties of zeoponic with commercial PGM and test the effect of PGM type and NPK fertilizer dosage on the growth and production of water spinach and pakcoy. The study was conducted in a greenhouse using a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, namely the type of PGM (A, B, C, D, Z1, and Z5) and the dose of NPK fertilizer (1 g/liter and 1,5 g/liter). Parameters of the physical and chemical properties of PGM such as bulk density, field capacity, pH, EC, organic-C, available-N, available-P, CEC, base saturation (BS), bases exchangeable (K, Na, Ca, and Mg), and micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn) were analyzed to see their effect on the growth and production of water spinach aged 21 days after planting (DAP) and pakcoy 28 DAP. The results show that the physical properties of zeoponic and commercial PGM had low bulk density and high field capacity. The chemical properties of zeoponic PGM had a neutral pH, EC suitable for plant growth, organic-C content tend to be low in line with micronutrient levels, the highest CEC were 81,21 and 83,14 cmol(+)/kg, ammonium content (N-NH4), nitrate (N-NO3), P-P2O5, and K tend to be high but the EC remained low, while high levels of these nutrients in commercial PGM were followed by high EC. Zeoponic and commercial PGM had high % BS and were dominated by Ca cations. The Z5 zeoponic PGM type actually produced the best growth and production of water spinach and pakcoy. NPK fertilizer dose of 1,5 g/liter tend to produce the best growth and production of water spinach and pakcoy.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/133051
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      • UT - Soil Science and Land Resources [2823]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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