Synchronize level of precision dairy farming in Indonesian smallholder and rural ranches: A review

Abstract

Precision dairy farming (PDF) application in smallholder and rural dairy farming to elevate a cow's effectivity, efficiency, and productivity level has been confronted with the ranchers' economic, social, and ecological status. Mainly, for the smallholder and rural dairy rancher, the financial position is the biggest challenge to adopting technology because it is publicly known that it is a costly investment. However, those issues could be cracked with synchronous feasible technology with the rancher situation. Therefore, the present probe was to enlighten the relevant level of PDF performed for the Indonesian smallholder and rural rancher. On the other hand, the crucial priority area that should be improved immediately could be identified with clarity.