Perbedaan Karakteristik Tanah pada Lahan Reklamasi PascaTambang dengan Tanah Asli tanpa Top Soil (Studi Kasus di PT.INCO Sorowako, Sulawesi Selatan)
Abstract
Generally, nickel mining was conducted by open pit mining method. This method caused the change of soil physical, chemical and biological properties. For instance, those change are lost of nutrient and organic matter, soil compaction, pollution, change of soil layer, erotion, sedimentation, and the population decrease of soil microorganism. The effect of the top soil lost is the plant cannot grow normally, so that soil is not productive. Therefore, the research was aimed to know the soil characteristic differences (soil physical, chemical and biological) between reclaimed post mining land and natural soil without top soil. That are survey method is used to taking soil sampling for chemical and biological randomly and composite. Soil sampling for chemical properties was taken from 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-40 cm, 40-50 cm and 50-60 cm depth, and soil sampling for biological properties was taken in 0-10 cm depth. However, sampling for soil physic properties was done in certain points of each location used ring sample in 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm depth. Soil sampling for physical, chemical and biological properties was conducted in post mining PT. INCO Sorowako area, South Sulawesi. This soil sample was taken in 2 locations, which are Reclaimed Post Mining (Harapan) and location not yet mined but the top soil was disected until ±1 meter depth (Shelly). The results of this study showed that based on physical and biological properties of soil in Shelly was better than Harapan. Based on physical properties in Shelly of 0-30 cm depth. The bulk density in Shelly was lower and porosity was higher than in Harapan. Biological properties of 0-10 cm depth showed the total fungi, total of soil microorganism, respiration of soil microorganism and C- mic of Shelly was higher than Harapan. The chemical properties of 0-10 cm depth (C-organic, N-total and CEC) in Harapan was very low, on the other hand in Shelly low. Harapan and Shelly had low P-available and Na-dd, very low Ca-dd, high Mg-dd and very high micro nutrient content except enough for Zn, K-dd content in Harapan medium and Shelly was low. Harapan had very high BS with pH 6.7, and BS in Shelly had high with pH 5.8.