Pertumbuhan embrio zigotik Aren (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) aksesi Cikadu pada media MS dan Euwens dengan penambahan auksin 2,4 D

Abstract

Tanaman aren merupakan tanaman dari kelompok palmae dengan nama latin Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.. Penyediaan bibit aren secara konvensional sangat sulit dilakukan sebab adanya dormansi pada testa benih sehingga kultur jaringan menjadi solusi dalam mengatasi kendala penyediaan bibit unggul dalam peningkatan produktivitas aren. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan jenis media dan zat pengatur tumbuh 2,4 D yang dapat menghasilkan pertumbuhan terbaik pada embrio zigotik aren secara in vitro. Sumber eksplan yang digunakan yaitu embrio zigotik dari eksplan yang telah ditanam pada media pra perlakuan. Penelitian ini disusun dalam Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak faktorial dengan dua faktor yaitu faktor pertama jenis media dasar yaitu MS (M1) dan Euwens (M2) dan faktor kedua yaitu konsentrasi 2,4 D terdiri atas 6 taraf yaitu 100 µM (T1), 120 µM (T2), 150 µM (T3), 175 µM (T4), picloram 100 µM (T5) dan 0 µM (T6). Terdapat 12 kombinasi perlakuan pada percobaan embrio berkecambah dan embrio belum berkecambah. Uji tetrazolium dilakukan untuk menganalisis kondisi embrio pada eksplan setelah dikulturkan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kultur embrio zigotik berkecambah belum diperoleh pertambahan jumlah akar, daun, maupun tunas. Kultur embrio zigotik selama 16 MSP secara visual menunjukkan persentase total eksplan hidup 97,65%, eksplan aseptik 75%, eksplan terkontaminasi sebesar 25% dan eksplan mati sebesar 2,34%. Persentase eksplan membentuk kalus maupun embrio zigotik sekunder sebesar 0%. Pengujian tetrazolium menunjukkan jumlah seluruh embrio yang masih hidup (kelas 1,2 dan 3) sebanyak 88,89%, dan terdapat 11,11% embrio mati (kelas 4). Media MS dan Euwens dengan penambahan 2.4 D tidak menunjukkan adanya pertumbuhan kalus dan tidak dapat membentuk embrio zigotik sekunder.

The sugar palm plant is a plant from the palmae group with a Latin name Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. Conventional supply of sugar palm seeds is very difficult because of the dormancy of the seed testa so that tissue culture is a solution in overcoming the problem of providing superior seeds in increasing sugar palm productivity. The aim of this study was to obtain the type of media and growth regulators 2,4 D which could produce the best growth in sugar palm zygotic embryos in vitro. The source of explants used was zygotic embryos from explants that had been planted on pre-treated media. This study was arranged in a factorial randomized complete block design with two factors: the first factor was the basic media type, namely MS (M1) and Euwens (M2) and the second factor was the concentration of 2.4 D consisting of 6 levels, namely 100 µM (T1), 120 µM (T2), 150 µM (T3), 175 µM (T4), and picloram with a concentration of 100 µM (T5) and 0 µM (T6). There were 12 treatment combinations in the embryo germination experiment and the zygotic embryo had not germinated. The tetrazolium test was performed to analyze the condition of the embryos on the explants after being cultured. The experimental results showed that the culture of germinating zygotic embryos had not resulted in an increase in the number of roots, leaves, or shoots. The zygotic embryo culture for 16 MSP (Week After Treatment) visually showed the total percentage of live explants 97.65%, 75% aseptic explants, 25% contaminated explants and 2.34% dead explants. The percentage of explants that formed callus and secondary zygotic embryos was 0%. Testing for tetrazolium showed that the total number of embryos that were still alive (class 1, 2 and 3) was 88.89%, and there were 11.11% embryos died (class 4). MS and Euwens media with the addition of 2.4 D did not show any callus growth and could not form secondary zygotic embryos.