Keragaman Komunitas Arthropoda pada Lumut Epifit di Kebun Raya Bogor

Abstract

Lumut memainkan peran penting bagi kehidupan bryofauna, termasuk arthropoda. Lumut menyediakan habitat mikro, tempat berlindung, dan sumber makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis struktur komunitas arthropoda pada lumut epifit di Kebun Raya Bogor (KRB). Prosedur penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi pengumpulan dan indentifikasi sampel lumut; pemisahan sampel arthropoda dari sampel lumut, serta identifikasi sampel arthropoda. Pengambilan sampel lumut dilakukan di tiga blok menggunakan metode plot kuadrat. Sampel arthropoda disortir dari sampel lumut di bawah mikroskop stereo, kemudian diidentifikasi berdasarkan buku identifikasi dan dihitung jumlah masing-masing morfospesies yang ditemukan. Data dianalisis untuk membandingkan struktur komunitas arthropoda antar blok berdasarkan indeks keanekaragaman (H’), indeks kemerataan (E’), indeks kekayaan jenis, dan indeks kelimpahan relatif (Di). Hasil penelitian diperoleh 21 jenis lumut dari 15 marga, dan 7 suku, serta dua jenis lumut lainnya belum teridentifikasi. Lumut dari suku Lejeuneaceae (9 jenis) paling banyak dijumpai di KRB. Sementara, artropoda yang ditemukan meliputi 36 morfospesies yang teridentifikasi sebagai anggota dari 3 kelas, 14 ordo, 15 sub ordo, dan 22 famili. Taksa yang dominan di ketiga blok adalah Liposcelididae, Formicidae dan Oribatida. Kelimpahan dan kekayaan arthropoda tertinggi ada pada Blok II (Lauraceae). Arthropoda yang ditemukan hidup pada lumut di KRB memiliki beragam peranan ekologi, meliputi herbivora, fungivore, detrivora, dan predator.

Bryophytes play an important role for the life of bryofauna, including arthropods. They provide habitats, shelters, and food resources. This study aimed to analyze the structure of arthropod communities in epiphytic bryophytes in Bogor Botanical Garden (BBG). The research procedure includes the collection and identification of bryophyte samples; separation of arthropod samples, and identification of arthropod samples. The bryophyte sampling was carried out in three blocks using the quadratic plot method. Arthropod samples were sorted under the stereo microscope, and then identified based on identification books and counted the number of each morphospecies found. Data were analyzed to compare arthropod community structure between blocks based on diversity index (H'), evenness index (E'), species richness index, and relative abundance index (Di). The study obtained 21 species of bryophytes from 15 genera, 7 families, and two unidentified species. Bryophytes from the family Lejeuneaceae (9 species) are most commonly found in BBG. Meanwhile, arthropods include 36 morphospecies identified as member of 3 classes, 14 orders, 15 sub-order, and 22 family. The dominant taxa in all three blocks are Liposcelididae, Formicidae, and Oribatida. The highest abundance and richness of arthropods is in Block II (Lauraceae). Arthropods found living on bryophytes in BBG have a variety of ecological roles, including herbivores, fungivores, detrivores, and predators.