Daya Simpan Benih Kedelai (Glycine max) dengan Perlakuan Pra Simpan di Suhu Simpan Berbeda

Abstract

Kualitas benih sangat penting dalam produksi kedelai. Mutu benih dapat menurun pada saat penyimpanan, pemanenan, pengangkutan, dan penyimpanan di gudang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan pra simpan terhadap mutu dan daya simpan benih kedelai. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai Agustus 2023 di Laboratorium Penyimpanan dan Pengujian Mutu Benih Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) Split-plot dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama adalah suhu simpan yaitu suhu AC (15 - 19℃) dan suhu kamar (26 - 28℃). Anak petaknya adalah perlakuan pra simpan yaitu: kontrol, cuci – jemur, jemur, oven dan fungisida. Kadar air benih pada penyimpanan suhu kamar dan AC hingga 6 bulan setelah simpan masih dibawah 11%. Suhu simpan secara umum tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap viabilitas, vigor dan kesehatan benih kedelai. Serangan cendawan Aspergillus banyak ditemui pada penyimpaanan benih kedelai. Perlakuan fungisida mampu mempertahankan daya berkecambah 80% hingga bulan setelah simpan. Perlakuan fungisida menunjukkan adanya potensi sebagai pra perlakuan penyimpanan benih kedelai. Benih tanpa perlakuan kehilangan daya berkecambah dibawah 80% pada 3 bulan setelah simpan, sedangkan pada akhir penyimpanan hanya 67%. Perlakuan jemur dapat dijadikan sebagai alternative untuk melindungi benih dari serangan cendawan dengan daya berkecambah lebih dari 80% hingga 5 bulan simpan dan pada 6 bulan simpan memiliki daya berkecambah 74. Penelitian ini menunjukan adanya potensi perlakuan fungisida sebagai perlakuan pra penyimpanan benih kedelai.

The seed quality is crucial for soybean production. Seed quality can decrease during storage, harvesting, transportation and werehouse storage. This study aimed to identifiy the effect of seed treatment on the quality and storability of soybean seeds. The research was conducted from February to August 2023 at the Seed Storage and Quality Testing Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. The research was arranged in a split plot design and a completely randomized design with three replications. The main plot was temperature, that is air conditioning temperature (15-19℃) and room temperature (26-28℃). The subplots was subjected to seed treatment: control, rinse-drying, drying, oven and fungicide. Seed moisture at at both temperatures was under 11% until six months after storage (MAS). Generally, storage temperature does not significantly affect seed viability, vigor, or health. Aspergillus infection was the dominant fungus in soybean seeds during storage. Fungicide treatment maintained a germination percentage of approximately 80% at 6 MSA. Otherwise, the control lost germination under 80% at 3 MSA, and at the end of storage, the germination percentage was approximately 67%. Drying treatment could be an alternative to protect the seed from fungal infection, with a germination percentage of more than 80% at 5 MSA and 74% at 6 MSA. This finding shows the potential of fungicide treatment as a pra treatment for soybean seed storage.