Deteksi Gen Penyandi Resistansi Antibiotik Beta Laktam pada Escherichia coli dari Efluen Tempat Pemotongan Babi di Kota Tangerang

Abstract

Pesatnya perkembangan industri peternakan babi menyebabkan penggunaan antibiotik sebagai obat dan bahan tambahan pakan semakin meningkat. Penyalahgunaan antibiotik hewan menyebabkan munculnya gen resistansi antibiotik secara cepat pada hewan yang selanjutnya mempercepat perkembangan resistansi bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeteksi keberadaan gen penyandi resistansi antibiotik beta laktam pada Escherichia coli (E. coli) yang diisolasi dari efluen tempat pemotongan babi di Kota Tangerang. Keberadaan gen penyandi resistansi antibiotik beta laktam dideteksi dengan menggunakan quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 80% isolat memiliki setidaknya satu gen penyandi resistansi antibiotik beta laktam. Gen blaTEM, blaCTX-M, dan blaCMY-2 dideteksi pada isolat dengan prevalensi secara berurutan sebesar 60%, 50%, dan 30%. Sebanyak 40% isolat mengandung lebih dari satu gen penyandi resistansi antibiotik beta laktam. Tingginya prevalensi gen penyandi resistansi antibiotik beta laktam berpotensi menjadi sumber penyebaran resistansi antibiotik ke lingkungan yang dapat berdampak pada kesehatan masyarakat.

The rapid development of the pig farming industry has led to the increasing use of antibiotics as medicine and feed additives. Misuse of animal antibiotics causes the emergence of antibiotic resistance genes rapidly in animals which in turn accelerates the development of bacterial resistance. This study aimed to detect the presence of beta-lactam antibiotic resistance genes in Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from pig slaughterhouse effluent in Tangerang City. The presence of beta lactam antibiotic resistance genes was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results showed that 80% of the isolates had at least one beta-lactam antibiotic resistance gene. The blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaCMY-2 genes were detected in isolates with a prevalence of 60%, 50%, and 30%, respectively. As many as 40% of the isolates contained more than one beta lactam antibiotic resistance gene. The high prevalence of beta-lactam antibiotic resistance genes has the potential to become a source of spread of antibiotic resistance to the environment which can have an impact on public health.